The increase in energy demand and the tendency to move toward green technologies make the research in photovoltaics more and more present in the energy industry. The main limitations of the traditional photovoltaic systems, the encumbrance of the solar panels and the low efficiency especially in conditions of diffuse light or indoor environment, could be overcome by the integration of luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) devices. The first part of this study was focused on the production of LSC polymeric matrices synthesized through a controlled polymerization technique, the radical addition-fragmentation polymerization (RAFT). Starting from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as monomers, both random and block copolymers were synthesized varying the polymerization conditions to obtain low molecular weight dispersity (Đ) and high yield. The polymers were fully characterized and their thermal and molecular properties compared. The second part of the study involved the post-functionalization of the obtained random and block copolymers of increasing amount of HEMA to include an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminophore into the polymeric chain. This functionalization involved the esterification reaction between the 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoic acid (TPECOOH) and the OH groups of the HEMA moiety in the polymers, thus giving different absorption and fluorescent behaviors depending on the copolymers’ composition. The active species was selected also to show transparency under visible light opening to the possibility of optical applications such as the LSC integration into windows. In the last part of the study, the functionalized polymers were employed in the LSC fabrication by depositing a thin layer of material on glass substrates. Their response under simulated solar light was investigated both with and without the assembly with the PV cells to determine their performance as photovoltaic and photonic devices.
L’aumento della richiesta energetica e la predilezione per tecnologie “green” ha reso la ricerca nel fotovoltaico sempre più presente nell’industria energetica. I principali limiti dei sistemi fotovoltaici tradizionali, lo spazio occupato dai pannelli solari e la bassa efficienza specialmente in condizioni di luce diffusa o ambienti interni, possono essere superati dall’integrazione di concentratori solari luminescenti (LSC). Nella prima parte, lo studio si è focalizzato sulla sintesi di matrici polimeriche di LSC tramite una polimerizzazione controllata a trasferimento di catena per addizione-frammentazione reversibile (RAFT). Partendo dal metil-metacrilato (MMA) e dall’ idrossietil-metacrilato (HEMA) copolimeri sia random sia a blocchi sono stati sintetizzati variando le condizioni di reazione per ottenere una bassa dispersività (Đ) dei pesi molecolari e una resa elevata. Ogni polimero è stato caratterizzato per confrontarne le proprietà termiche e molecolari. La seconda parte dello studio ha coinvolto la post-funzionalizzazione di copolimeri random e a blocchi con un aumento progressivo di HEMA, per includere un luminoforo ad emissione indotta da aggregazione (AIE) nella catena polimerica. La funzionalizzazione ha coinvolto una reazione di esterificazione tra l’acido 4-(1,2,2-trifenilvinil) benzoico (TPECOOH) e i gruppi idrossilici (OH) del HEMA contenuto nei polimeri, dando risultati di assorbimento e fluorescenza differenti in base alla loro composizione. Questa specie attiva è stata scelta anche per la sua trasparenza alla luce visibile, aprendo ad applicazioni ottiche come l’integrazione degli LSC all’interno di finestre. Nell’ultima parte, i polimeri funzionalizzati sono stati impiegati nella fabbricazione di dispositivi LSC depositandone uno strato sottile su substrati di vetro. Irradiati da una luce solare simulata, la loro risposta è stata analizzata sia con che senza l’assemblaggio con le celle PV per determinarne le performance come dispositivi fotovoltaici e fotonici.
Controlled macromolecular architectures for tunable aggregation-induced emission in luminescent solar concentrators
MASCHERA, ALICE
2023/2024
Abstract
The increase in energy demand and the tendency to move toward green technologies make the research in photovoltaics more and more present in the energy industry. The main limitations of the traditional photovoltaic systems, the encumbrance of the solar panels and the low efficiency especially in conditions of diffuse light or indoor environment, could be overcome by the integration of luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) devices. The first part of this study was focused on the production of LSC polymeric matrices synthesized through a controlled polymerization technique, the radical addition-fragmentation polymerization (RAFT). Starting from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as monomers, both random and block copolymers were synthesized varying the polymerization conditions to obtain low molecular weight dispersity (Đ) and high yield. The polymers were fully characterized and their thermal and molecular properties compared. The second part of the study involved the post-functionalization of the obtained random and block copolymers of increasing amount of HEMA to include an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminophore into the polymeric chain. This functionalization involved the esterification reaction between the 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoic acid (TPECOOH) and the OH groups of the HEMA moiety in the polymers, thus giving different absorption and fluorescent behaviors depending on the copolymers’ composition. The active species was selected also to show transparency under visible light opening to the possibility of optical applications such as the LSC integration into windows. In the last part of the study, the functionalized polymers were employed in the LSC fabrication by depositing a thin layer of material on glass substrates. Their response under simulated solar light was investigated both with and without the assembly with the PV cells to determine their performance as photovoltaic and photonic devices.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_12_Maschera_Executive Summary.pdf
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2024_12_Maschera_Tesi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/230856