Since the beginning of the 21st century, Europe has experienced a gradual decline in economic growth, widening the gap with competitors such as the United States and China in terms of productivity and growth rates. One of the principal causes of this stagnation is the inability of the European Union to implement unified and integrated policies among its member states. In this context, the hypothesis of establishing a centralised European Treasury, financed by issuing Eurobonds, is analyzed to enhance the management of common economic shocks and to integrate monetary and fiscal policies. Particular attention is paid to the military defence sector, which is often subject to shared exogenous shocks, such as those currently observed in the context of potential conflicts, which represent a source of instability for the EU economy. An econometric VAR (Vector Autoregressive) model is employed to analyse the reactions of the principal macroeconomic variables to an unanticipated increase in military expenditure, with a particular emphasis on public debt and the government budget. The findings indicate that defence spending is predominantly financed through debt issuance, thereby underscoring the constraints of fragmented management of recessionary shocks by individual states. The evidence substantiates the necessity for a centralised European fiscal authority, capable of differentiating between short-term macroeconomic stabilisation and long-term fiscal sustainability, thus enhancing the European Union’s resilience to global economic challenges.
Dall’inizio del XXI secolo, l’Europa ha sperimentato una crescita economica sempre più lenta, accentuando il divario con concorrenti come Stati Uniti e Cina in termini di produttività e tassi di crescita. Una delle cause principali di questa stagnazione è l’incapacità dell’Unione Europea di implementare politiche comuni e integrate tra gli Stati membri. In questo contesto, viene analizzata l’ipotesi di istituire un Tesoro Europeo centralizzato, finanziato tramite l’emissione di Eurobond, per migliorare la gestione degli shock economici comuni e integrare le politiche monetarie e fiscali. Particolare attenzione è rivolta al settore della difesa militare, spesso soggetto a shock esogeni condivisi, come gli attuali potenziali conflitti, che rappresentano una fonte di instabilità per l’economia dell’UE. Attraverso un modello econometrico VAR (Vector Autoregressive), si analizzano le reazioni delle principali variabili macroeconomiche a un incremento inatteso della spesa militare, con un focus specifico sul debito pubblico e sul bilancio governativo. I risultati mostrano che la spesa per la difesa è generalmente finanziata tramite emissione di debito, evidenziando i limiti della gestione frammentata degli shock recessivi da parte dei singoli Stati. Le evidenze raccolte supportano la necessità di un’autorità fiscale europea centralizzata, capace di distinguere tra stabilizzazione macroeconomica a breve termine e sostenibilità fiscale a lungo termine, contribuendo a rendere l’Unione Europea più resiliente alle sfide economiche globali.
Towards a new fiscal framework for Europe: defence spending and its financing
Del ROSSO, FEDERICO;Delfrate, Matteo
2023/2024
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, Europe has experienced a gradual decline in economic growth, widening the gap with competitors such as the United States and China in terms of productivity and growth rates. One of the principal causes of this stagnation is the inability of the European Union to implement unified and integrated policies among its member states. In this context, the hypothesis of establishing a centralised European Treasury, financed by issuing Eurobonds, is analyzed to enhance the management of common economic shocks and to integrate monetary and fiscal policies. Particular attention is paid to the military defence sector, which is often subject to shared exogenous shocks, such as those currently observed in the context of potential conflicts, which represent a source of instability for the EU economy. An econometric VAR (Vector Autoregressive) model is employed to analyse the reactions of the principal macroeconomic variables to an unanticipated increase in military expenditure, with a particular emphasis on public debt and the government budget. The findings indicate that defence spending is predominantly financed through debt issuance, thereby underscoring the constraints of fragmented management of recessionary shocks by individual states. The evidence substantiates the necessity for a centralised European fiscal authority, capable of differentiating between short-term macroeconomic stabilisation and long-term fiscal sustainability, thus enhancing the European Union’s resilience to global economic challenges.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_12_DelRosso_Delfrate_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi
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2024_12_DelRosso_Delfrate_ExecutiveSummary.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/230963