Big data, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies are in many spheres of our lives, public and private, and while the potential of data exchange and profiling in enhancing collective actions are evident, concerns regarding the impact of the digital revolution on democracy, have intensified. In this socio-economic scenario, discussions oscillate between recognizing the benefits and dangers of the vast amount of data shared consciously or unconsciously online. There are many studies analyzing the competitive advantage of the exclusive use of data for commercial profiling purposes and the growing concern about the impact of the release and use of data as a powerful toolset for systematically influencing user behavior, also for political purposes. However, it’s also important to consider the perception and knowledge extent that the public has of the usage of big data, algorithms, and artificial intelligence in politics and its implications on our democratic systems. Therefore, this thesis intends to analyze how users perceive data politics and political microtargeting in the context of upcoming elections and to define which could be the role of design in the awareness of users on data extraction and democracy erosion. Starting from the democratic values of participation and transparency, the study conducts a review of current knowledge in the field to identify threats for citizens stemming from the use of big data technologies for political purposes. With a focus on the importance of critical data literacy in datafied societies, this thesis investigates the public attitudes towards the digitalization of democratic processes and its implications, and how designers can address the many challenges associated with user data extraction and the political use of big data technologies. Building upon these insights, the research uses the methods of System Design, Behavioral Design, and Agonistic Design to define a service aimed at assisting users in the fruition of digital platforms, that allows them to gain better knowledge and control over the collection and usage of their data, especially for political purposes, and that helps them become more aware of the public opinion manipulation that takes place on social media. To conclude, the research expects to contribute to the enhancement of users’ awareness and control over the usage of their data and to the establishment of an equitable, transparent, and informed online environment that fosters meaningful connections without compromising users' autonomy.
I big data, l’intelligenza artificiale e le tecnologie digitali sono ormai presenti in molte sfere delle nostre vite, sia pubbliche che private. Se da un lato è evidente il potenziale dello scambio di dati e della profilazione nel potenziare le azioni collettive, dall’altro le preoccupazioni sull'impatto della rivoluzione digitale sulla democrazia sono cresciute. In questo contesto socio-economico, i dibattiti oscillano tra il riconoscimento dei vantaggi e dei rischi derivanti dalla grande quantità di dati condivisi online, sia in modo consapevole che inconsapevole. Numerosi studi analizzano il vantaggio competitivo dell’uso esclusivo dei dati per fini di profilazione commerciale e l’aumento delle preoccupazioni per l’uso sistematico dei dati come strumento per influenzare il comportamento degli utenti, anche a fini politici. Tuttavia, è importante considerare anche la percezione e il grado di consapevolezza che il pubblico ha dell'uso dei big data, degli algoritmi e dell'intelligenza artificiale in ambito politico, nonché le loro implicazioni sui nostri sistemi democratici. Questa tesi intende quindi analizzare come gli utenti percepiscono l’uso politico dei dati e il microtargeting politico nel contesto di appuntamenti elettorali, e definire quale ruolo possa avere il design nell’aumentare la consapevolezza degli utenti riguardo all’estrazione dei dati e all’erosione della democrazia. Partendo dai valori democratici di partecipazione e trasparenza, lo studio esamina le conoscenze attuali in questo campo per identificare le minacce per i cittadini derivanti dall'uso delle tecnologie big data per fini politici. Con un focus sull’importanza di una competenza critica sui dati nelle società digitalizzate, questa tesi indaga le attitudini del pubblico nei confronti della digitalizzazione dei processi democratici e delle sue implicazioni, e come i designer possano affrontare le numerose sfide legate all'estrazione dei dati degli utenti e all’uso politico delle tecnologie big data. Sulla base di queste intuizioni, la ricerca utilizza i metodi di System Design, Behavioral Design e Agonistic Design per definire un servizio che supporti gli utenti nell'uso delle piattaforme digitali, consentendo loro di acquisire una maggiore consapevolezza e controllo sulla raccolta e sull'uso dei loro dati, in particolare per scopi politici, e che li aiuti a comprendere meglio la manipolazione dell’opinione pubblica che avviene sui social media. In conclusione, la ricerca si propone di contribuire all’aumento della consapevolezza e del controllo degli utenti sull’uso dei propri dati e alla creazione di un ambiente online equo, trasparente e informato, che favorisca connessioni significative senza compromettere l'autonomia degli utenti.
Data and Democracy: perception of the usage of big data for political purposes and the role of design in enhancing the users' awareness and control over their data
Cabras, Benedetta
2023/2024
Abstract
Big data, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies are in many spheres of our lives, public and private, and while the potential of data exchange and profiling in enhancing collective actions are evident, concerns regarding the impact of the digital revolution on democracy, have intensified. In this socio-economic scenario, discussions oscillate between recognizing the benefits and dangers of the vast amount of data shared consciously or unconsciously online. There are many studies analyzing the competitive advantage of the exclusive use of data for commercial profiling purposes and the growing concern about the impact of the release and use of data as a powerful toolset for systematically influencing user behavior, also for political purposes. However, it’s also important to consider the perception and knowledge extent that the public has of the usage of big data, algorithms, and artificial intelligence in politics and its implications on our democratic systems. Therefore, this thesis intends to analyze how users perceive data politics and political microtargeting in the context of upcoming elections and to define which could be the role of design in the awareness of users on data extraction and democracy erosion. Starting from the democratic values of participation and transparency, the study conducts a review of current knowledge in the field to identify threats for citizens stemming from the use of big data technologies for political purposes. With a focus on the importance of critical data literacy in datafied societies, this thesis investigates the public attitudes towards the digitalization of democratic processes and its implications, and how designers can address the many challenges associated with user data extraction and the political use of big data technologies. Building upon these insights, the research uses the methods of System Design, Behavioral Design, and Agonistic Design to define a service aimed at assisting users in the fruition of digital platforms, that allows them to gain better knowledge and control over the collection and usage of their data, especially for political purposes, and that helps them become more aware of the public opinion manipulation that takes place on social media. To conclude, the research expects to contribute to the enhancement of users’ awareness and control over the usage of their data and to the establishment of an equitable, transparent, and informed online environment that fosters meaningful connections without compromising users' autonomy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_Cabras_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Elaborato di tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/231036