The study concerns the so-called "economic-agrarian reforms" of the second half of the 18th century, introduced by the current foundation of the congregation of the Misericordia Maggiore of Bergamo. Institution founded in 1265 abbreviated with the acronym "MIA" since the middle Ages. The study will concern the analysis of rural buildings, among which the "Superba" farmhouse of Fara Olivana con Sola stands out. This construction, in turn, had been preceded a decade earlier by a farmhouse in the municipality of Seriate (BG) today called the Misericordia, a smaller complex than the previous one on the field called "Le Sorti". This phase ends with the farmhouse called "la Fabbrica", in the center of Fara Olivana, an almost unfinished work. The MIA foundation had begun the construction of large farmhouses since the beginning of the 17th century and, at the same time, administratively introduced the use of double-entry ledgers. The main rural complex is the La Nuova locality, built south of Comun Nuovo (BG). This farmhouse followed the traditional compositional methods with houses alternating with stables present in the main farms such as in Spirano the Sedume Grande della MIA, today converted to residential use. The rural buildings from the early 18th century in Bariano (BG) also seem to belong to this first initial phase, a municipality in which the Misericordia Maggiore built new small and medium-sized farmhouses to better manage the properties; Limbo and Paradiso, proper names of the fields themselves on which the rural buildings were built. Another theme of analysis and study was that of historical cartography, to demonstrate the presence and role of the farmhouses in the territories analyzed. The essential part of the thesis is however constituted by the morphological analysis of the Superba farmhouse, and its relation with the symbolic scheme of the Civitas of Bergamo present on the Pergaminius, or Pergamino coin minted by concession of the emperor Frederick II, in the XIII century, whose symbol is 4 or 2 towers with 4 aligned doors underneath, like the farmhouse of Fara Olivana with Sola. The rural buildings of the Misericordia Maggiore built in the second half of the 18th century anticipate, for construction and compositional characteristics, the so-called, the “Traité d’architecture rurale” (LÉON DE PERTHUIS – 1810) published in France between the end of the XVIII century and the beginning of the XIX century. A further study was carried out in parallel with former courts and castles such as the former palace of Branduzzo (PV) and the Sforza farmhouse of Vigevano (PV) converted to agricultural use since the 15th century. We will try to form an organic framework of the development of agriculture in Lombardy, trying to highlight the different relationships that have remained unchanged over the centuries where the relationship with the territory is summarized by the architecture of the places.
Lo studio riguarda le cosiddette “riforme economiche-agrarie” della seconda metà del XVIII secolo, introdotte dalla attuale fondazione della congregazione della Misericordia Maggiore di Bergamo, Istituzione fondata nel 1265 abbreviata con la sigla “MIA” sin dal medioevo. Lo studio presenta l’analisi di fabbricati rurali, fra cui emerge la cascina “Superba” di Fara Olivana con Sola. Questa costruzione, a sua volta, era stata preceduta un decennio prima da una cascina nel comune di Seriate (BG) oggi detta la Misericordia, complesso di minori dimensioni della precedente, sul campo detto “Le Sorti”. Questa fase si chiude con la cascina detta “la Fabbrica”, nel centro di Fara Olivana, un’opera rimasta incompiuta. La fondazione MIA fin dall’inizio ‘600 aveva iniziato la costruzione dei grandi cascinali e, nel contempo, introdotto amministrativamente l’uso dei libri mastri a partita doppia. Il principale complesso rurale è la località La Nuova, edificato a sud di Comun Nuovo (BG). Questo cascinale seguiva i tradizionali metodi compositivi, con abitazioni alternate a stalle presenti nei principali poderi come, ad esempio, a Spirano il Sedime Grande della MIA, oggi riconvertito ad uso abitativo. A questa prima fase iniziale, sembrano appartenere anche i fabbricati rurali dell’inizio del ‘700 a Bariano (BG), un comune in cui la Misericordia Maggiore, per meglio gestire le proprietà, realizzò nuove cascine di piccole e medie dimensioni: il Limbo e il Paradiso, nomi propri dei campi stessi su cui sono state edificate le costruzioni rurali. Altro tema di analisi e di approfondimento è stato quello della cartografia storica, per dimostrare la presenza e il ruolo delle cascine nei territori analizzati. La parte essenziale della tesi è però costituita dall’analisi morfologica della cascina Superba, e dalla sua relazione con lo schema simbolico della Civitas di Bergamo presente sul Pergaminius, o Pergamino, moneta coniata per concessione dell’imperatore Federico II°, nel XIII secolo, il cui simbolo sono 4 o 2 torri con sotto 4 porte allineate, come risulta anche nella cascina di Fara Olivana con Sola. Gli edifici rurali della Misericordia Maggiore costruiti nella seconda metà del ‘700 anticipano, per caratteristiche costruttive e compositive, i cosiddetti, i “Traité d’architecture rurale” (LÉON DE PERTHUIS – 1810) editi in Francia tra la fine del secolo XVIII e l’inizio del XIX secolo. Un ulteriore approfondimento è stato lo studio parallelo di ex corti e castelli - fra cui l’ex palazzo di Branduzzo (PV) e la cascina Sforzesca di Vigevano (PV), il cui uso anche agricolo risale al secolo XV - cercando di formare un quadro organico dello sviluppo dell’agricoltura in Lombardia, e di evidenziare le diverse relazioni, rimaste inalterate nei secoli, fra territorio rurale e architetture nell’ area Bergamasca.
Misericordia Maggiore di Bergamo: cartografia storica, le cascine del '700, Fara Olivana La Superba, Seriate La Misericordia
AMBROSINI, GRAZIANO
2023/2024
Abstract
The study concerns the so-called "economic-agrarian reforms" of the second half of the 18th century, introduced by the current foundation of the congregation of the Misericordia Maggiore of Bergamo. Institution founded in 1265 abbreviated with the acronym "MIA" since the middle Ages. The study will concern the analysis of rural buildings, among which the "Superba" farmhouse of Fara Olivana con Sola stands out. This construction, in turn, had been preceded a decade earlier by a farmhouse in the municipality of Seriate (BG) today called the Misericordia, a smaller complex than the previous one on the field called "Le Sorti". This phase ends with the farmhouse called "la Fabbrica", in the center of Fara Olivana, an almost unfinished work. The MIA foundation had begun the construction of large farmhouses since the beginning of the 17th century and, at the same time, administratively introduced the use of double-entry ledgers. The main rural complex is the La Nuova locality, built south of Comun Nuovo (BG). This farmhouse followed the traditional compositional methods with houses alternating with stables present in the main farms such as in Spirano the Sedume Grande della MIA, today converted to residential use. The rural buildings from the early 18th century in Bariano (BG) also seem to belong to this first initial phase, a municipality in which the Misericordia Maggiore built new small and medium-sized farmhouses to better manage the properties; Limbo and Paradiso, proper names of the fields themselves on which the rural buildings were built. Another theme of analysis and study was that of historical cartography, to demonstrate the presence and role of the farmhouses in the territories analyzed. The essential part of the thesis is however constituted by the morphological analysis of the Superba farmhouse, and its relation with the symbolic scheme of the Civitas of Bergamo present on the Pergaminius, or Pergamino coin minted by concession of the emperor Frederick II, in the XIII century, whose symbol is 4 or 2 towers with 4 aligned doors underneath, like the farmhouse of Fara Olivana with Sola. The rural buildings of the Misericordia Maggiore built in the second half of the 18th century anticipate, for construction and compositional characteristics, the so-called, the “Traité d’architecture rurale” (LÉON DE PERTHUIS – 1810) published in France between the end of the XVIII century and the beginning of the XIX century. A further study was carried out in parallel with former courts and castles such as the former palace of Branduzzo (PV) and the Sforza farmhouse of Vigevano (PV) converted to agricultural use since the 15th century. We will try to form an organic framework of the development of agriculture in Lombardy, trying to highlight the different relationships that have remained unchanged over the centuries where the relationship with the territory is summarized by the architecture of the places.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_12_Ambrosini.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi
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18.66 MB
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2024_12_Ambrosini_Tavole_01.pdf
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Descrizione: Cartografia storica
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34.33 MB
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2024_12_Ambrosini_Tavole_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Disegni tecnici e rilievi fotografici
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40.96 MB
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40.96 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/231060