This thesis starts from the constrained fiscal space faced by economically advanced countries and uses the Global Integrated Fiscal and Monetary (GIMF) model to explore, first, the impact of fiscal policy solutions currently under consideration by various nations and, subsequently, the effect of budget-neutral fiscal policies on key macroeconomic variables. Budget-neutral fiscal reforms involve adjusting government revenues and expenditures to maintain a stable ex-ante deficit-to-GDP ratio. Using the GIMF - a comprehensive multi-country DSGE - this study analyzes the differences between temporary and permanent fiscal reforms, their interaction with monetary policy, and the resulting spillover effects on other countries. The analysis begins with simulations of the current European fiscal and monetary context, where Eurozone countries are working to reduce deficits and public debt while the European Central Bank lowers interest rates. To replicate this scenario, a single European country’s budget law is used as a proxy for Euro Area fiscal dynamics, combined with the expected cut in the nominal policy interest rate. The fiscal policies of Italy and France are specifically chosen as case studies due to their clearly distinct approaches. Results from these simulations indicate that combining fiscal consolidation with expansionary monetary policy can effectively bring the deficit-to-GDP ratio back to sustainable levels without triggering a recession. Additionally, targeting fiscal consolidation measures towards wealthy households appears to mitigate recessionary effects and reduce imbalances between different types of agents. The analysis then shifts to the US, where three types of budget-neutral reforms are simulated: a tax-based approach, a spending-based approach, and a mixed approach. These results serve as a benchmark, showing that many budget-neutral fiscal policies can provide economic stimulus, especially when implemented as permanent commitments. Such policies can drive both short- and long-term GDP growth and improve fiscal sustainability, though their benefits and costs are not evenly distributed across economic agents, creating a policy trade-off between growth and equity. Furthermore, when monetary policy is unresponsive, these trade-offs are mitigated in the short term.
Questa tesi parte dal limitato spazio fiscale dei paesi avanzati e utilizza il modello Global Integrated Fiscal and Monetary (GIMF) per esplorare, dapprima, l’impatto delle soluzioni di politica fiscale attualmente considerate dai vari paesi, per poi analizzare l’effetto di politiche fiscali neutrali sul bilancio sulle principali variabili macroeconomiche. Le riforme fiscali neutrali mantengono il rapporto deficit/PIL stabile ex ante tramite un aggiustamento di entrate e spese pubbliche. Usando il GIMF - un modello DSGE multipaese con settori economici dettagliati - questo studio analizza le differenze tra riforme fiscali temporanee e permanenti, la loro interazione con la politica monetaria e i relativi effetti di spillover su altri paesi. L’analisi inizia con simulazioni del contesto fiscale e monetario europeo attuale, in cui i paesi dell’Eurozona riducono deficit e debito mentre la BCE abbassa i tassi d’interesse. A tale scopo, si utilizza come proxy la legge di bilancio di un singolo paese europeo, combinata con il taglio atteso del tasso di interesse. Le politiche fiscali di Italia e Francia sono casi di studio per via dei loro approcci distinti. I risultati indicano che una consolidazione fiscale combinata con una politica monetaria espansiva può ristabilire il rapporto deficit/PIL, evitando il rischio di una recessione. Inoltre, politiche di consolidamento fiscale mirate alle famiglie più benestanti sembrano essere ancora meno recessive e contribuiscono a ridurre gli squilibri tra le diverse classi sociali. Successivamente, l’analisi si sposta sugli Stati Uniti, dove vengono simulate tre riforme neutrali: una basata sulle imposte, una sulla spesa e una mista. Questi risultati fungono da benchmark, mostrando che molte politiche fiscali neutrali possono stimolare l’economia, specialmente se permanenti. Tali politiche possono favorire la crescita del PIL a breve e lungo termine e migliorare la sostenibilità fiscale, sebbene i benefici non siano distribuiti in modo uniforme, creando un trade-off politico tra crescita ed equità. Inoltre, quando la politica monetaria è vincolata, tali trade-off sono mitigati nel breve termine.
Fiscal policies with limited fiscal space
De Marchi, Marco;Bonaventura, Jacopo Franco
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis starts from the constrained fiscal space faced by economically advanced countries and uses the Global Integrated Fiscal and Monetary (GIMF) model to explore, first, the impact of fiscal policy solutions currently under consideration by various nations and, subsequently, the effect of budget-neutral fiscal policies on key macroeconomic variables. Budget-neutral fiscal reforms involve adjusting government revenues and expenditures to maintain a stable ex-ante deficit-to-GDP ratio. Using the GIMF - a comprehensive multi-country DSGE - this study analyzes the differences between temporary and permanent fiscal reforms, their interaction with monetary policy, and the resulting spillover effects on other countries. The analysis begins with simulations of the current European fiscal and monetary context, where Eurozone countries are working to reduce deficits and public debt while the European Central Bank lowers interest rates. To replicate this scenario, a single European country’s budget law is used as a proxy for Euro Area fiscal dynamics, combined with the expected cut in the nominal policy interest rate. The fiscal policies of Italy and France are specifically chosen as case studies due to their clearly distinct approaches. Results from these simulations indicate that combining fiscal consolidation with expansionary monetary policy can effectively bring the deficit-to-GDP ratio back to sustainable levels without triggering a recession. Additionally, targeting fiscal consolidation measures towards wealthy households appears to mitigate recessionary effects and reduce imbalances between different types of agents. The analysis then shifts to the US, where three types of budget-neutral reforms are simulated: a tax-based approach, a spending-based approach, and a mixed approach. These results serve as a benchmark, showing that many budget-neutral fiscal policies can provide economic stimulus, especially when implemented as permanent commitments. Such policies can drive both short- and long-term GDP growth and improve fiscal sustainability, though their benefits and costs are not evenly distributed across economic agents, creating a policy trade-off between growth and equity. Furthermore, when monetary policy is unresponsive, these trade-offs are mitigated in the short term.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2024_12_Bonaventura_DeMarchi_Thesis.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: Thesis
Dimensione
1.32 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.32 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
2024_12_Bonaventura_DeMarchi_Executive Summary.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: Executive summary
Dimensione
371.18 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
371.18 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/231211