The development of language skills is crucial in early childhood, but 3–6% of preschool-aged children experience difficulties due to Primary Language Disorder (PLD), which affects their ability to understand and produce language. Unlike secondary language disorders, PLD is not associated with intellectual or sensory impairments but can significantly impact academic performance, social relationships, and emotional well-being. Early diagnosis is critical, but traditional, language-based assessments may disadvantage children from different cultural backgrounds. This project aims to create a language-independent serious game for early screening of language disorders in children aged 3 to 6 years. The development began with two Sound Recognition Apps — one for adults, tested on 158 individuals, and one for children, tested on 30 children aged 3-4 years — to identify the most recognizable sounds from an initial dataset of 32 sounds, categorized into four groups: instrumental, human, environmental, and animal sounds. The results informed the design of an Auditory Memory Game, inspired by traditional span tests and co-designed with clinicians to assess auditory memory. Two versions were created: a prototype for adults to refine game mechanics, and a simplified version for children, adapted to their needs and cognitive abilities. In the game, players listen to sequences of sounds and then rearrange the corresponding images based on the sequence. Difficulty increases as players progress through the levels. Tests conducted on 30 adults and 5 children aged 3.5–6 years confirmed the game’s functionality and diagnostic potential. On average, the highest level completed correctly by adults was Level 3 (4-sound sequence) and by children, Level 2 (3-sound sequence). Older children and adults performed better, reflecting more advanced memory skills, and familiar sounds, like human-related ones, were easier to remember, while less familiar ones, like musical instruments, posed greater challenges. This work highlights the potential of language-independent serious games for early and accurate screening of language disorders, offering a promising approach to supporting children from different cultural backgrounds.
Lo sviluppo delle abilità linguistiche è cruciale nella prima infanzia, ma il 3-6% dei bambini in età prescolare presenta difficoltà a causa del Disturbo Primario del Linguaggio (PLD), che influisce sulla comprensione e produzione del linguaggio. A differenza dei disturbi del linguaggio secondari, il PLD non è associato a disabilità intellettive o sensoriali, ma può influire su rendimento scolastico, relazioni sociali e benessere emotivo. Una diagnosi precoce è fondamentale, ma le valutazioni tradizionali, basate sul linguaggio, possono svantaggiare i bambini provenienti da contesti culturali diversi. Questo progetto mira a creare un serious game indipendente dalla lingua per lo screening precoce dei disturbi del linguaggio nei bambini di 3-6 anni. Il processo è iniziato con due applicazioni per il riconoscimento dei suoni: una per adulti, testata su 158 persone, e una per bambini, testata su 30 bambini di 3-4 anni, per identificare i suoni più riconoscibili da un dataset iniziale di 32 suoni suddivisi in quattro categorie: strumentali, umani, ambientali e animali. I risultati hanno contribuito alla progettazione di un Gioco della Memoria Uditiva, ispirato ai tradizionali test di span e co-progettato con clinici. Sono state create due versioni: una per adulti, per perfezionare le meccaniche di gioco, e una semplificata per bambini, adattata alle loro capacità cognitive. Nel gioco, i giocatori ascoltano sequenze di suoni e riorganizzano le immagini corrispondenti. La difficoltà aumenta man mano che si progredisce nei livelli. I test condotti su 30 adulti e 5 bambini di 3,5-6 anni hanno confermato la funzionalità e il potenziale diagnostico del gioco. In media, il livello più alto completato correttamente dagli adulti è stato il Livello 3 (sequenza di 4 suoni), mentre dai bambini, il Livello 2 (sequenza di 3 suoni). I bambini più grandi e gli adulti hanno ottenuto risultati migliori, riflettendo capacità mnemoniche più avanzate. I suoni familiari, come quelli umani, erano più facili da ricordare, mentre suoni meno familiari, come gli strumenti musicali, risultavano più difficili. Questo lavoro evidenzia il potenziale di serious game indipendenti dalla lingua come test di screening dei disturbi del linguaggio, offrendo un approccio promettente per supportare bambini da contesti culturali diversi.
Co-Design and development of a language-indipendent serious game for early screening of language disorders
ZORZOLI, BEATRICE
2023/2024
Abstract
The development of language skills is crucial in early childhood, but 3–6% of preschool-aged children experience difficulties due to Primary Language Disorder (PLD), which affects their ability to understand and produce language. Unlike secondary language disorders, PLD is not associated with intellectual or sensory impairments but can significantly impact academic performance, social relationships, and emotional well-being. Early diagnosis is critical, but traditional, language-based assessments may disadvantage children from different cultural backgrounds. This project aims to create a language-independent serious game for early screening of language disorders in children aged 3 to 6 years. The development began with two Sound Recognition Apps — one for adults, tested on 158 individuals, and one for children, tested on 30 children aged 3-4 years — to identify the most recognizable sounds from an initial dataset of 32 sounds, categorized into four groups: instrumental, human, environmental, and animal sounds. The results informed the design of an Auditory Memory Game, inspired by traditional span tests and co-designed with clinicians to assess auditory memory. Two versions were created: a prototype for adults to refine game mechanics, and a simplified version for children, adapted to their needs and cognitive abilities. In the game, players listen to sequences of sounds and then rearrange the corresponding images based on the sequence. Difficulty increases as players progress through the levels. Tests conducted on 30 adults and 5 children aged 3.5–6 years confirmed the game’s functionality and diagnostic potential. On average, the highest level completed correctly by adults was Level 3 (4-sound sequence) and by children, Level 2 (3-sound sequence). Older children and adults performed better, reflecting more advanced memory skills, and familiar sounds, like human-related ones, were easier to remember, while less familiar ones, like musical instruments, posed greater challenges. This work highlights the potential of language-independent serious games for early and accurate screening of language disorders, offering a promising approach to supporting children from different cultural backgrounds.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_12_Zorzoli_Beatrice_Thesis.pdf
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2024_12_Zorzoli_Beatrice_Executive_Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/231335