Research into high-speed rail technologies offers significant social, economic, and engineering benefits since this transportation mode provides a cost-effective and energy-efficient alternative to road and air travel, enhancing regional connectivity, economic growth, and job mobility with lower maintenance needs. However, challenges like controlling vibrations, wear, and ensuring structural stability at high speeds require advancements in suspension systems, including semi-active and full-active control to meet the stringent requirements on comfort and safety. While passive dampers are cost-effective for mitigating disturbances, adaptive damping systems could optimize comfort and improve rail transport efficiency. Semi-active primary suspensions offer the best practical solution in term of costs and ease of implementation. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of various control methods applied to a 7 degrees-of-freedom model of a single high-speed railway vehicle, with the aim of reducing vibrations across the entire considered frequency range that affect passengers comfort (0-20 Hz). Specifically, the study focuses on mitigating vibrations caused by the resonance frequency of the first bending mode of the train chassis and on designing controllers that are robust against uncertainties in the parameters defining the system. In the thesis, the Skyhook, Linear Quadratic Gaussian, and a new version with modal approach of the Sliding Mode Control algorithm are presented as solutions. The application of these controllers brings significant benefits to the dynamic system, providing satisfactory results both in the case of nominal parameters and in robustness testing. Therefore, the thesis highlights the importance of using semi-active suspensions in high-speed trains to improve the level of passenger comfort.
La ricerca sulle tecnologie ferroviarie ad alta velocità offre significativi vantaggi sociali, economici e ingegneristici, poiché questo metodo di trasporto rappresentano un'alternativa economica ed efficiente dal punto di vista energetico ai trasporti stradali e aerei, migliorando la connettività regionale, la crescita economica e la mobilità lavorativa con minori esigenze di manutenzione. Tuttavia, sfide come il controllo delle vibrazioni, l'usura e la stabilità strutturale alle alte velocità richiedono progressi nei sistemi di sospensione, includendo controllo attivo e semi-attivo per soddisfare i requisiti stringenti sul comfort e sulla sicurezza. Sebbene gli smorzatori passivi siano una soluzione economica per mitigare le perturbazioni, i sistemi a smorzamento adattivo potrebbero ottimizzare il comfort e migliorare l'efficienza del trasporto ferroviario. Le sospensioni primarie semi-attive offrono la migliore soluzione pratica in termini di costi e facilità di implementazione. Questo lavoro fornisce un'analisi completa di vari metodi di controllo applicati a un modello a 7 gradi di libertà di una singola carrozza di un treno ad alta velocità, con l'obiettivo di ridurre le vibrazioni su tutta la gamma di frequenze considerate fastidiose per il comfort dei passeggeri (0-20 Hz). In particolare, lo studio si concentra sulla riduzione delle vibrazioni causate dalla frequenza di risonanza del primo modo di piegatura del telaio del treno e sulla progettazione di controllori robusti rispetto alle incertezze nei parametri che definiscono il sistema. Nella tesi vengono presentati come soluzione gli algoritmi di Skyhook, Linear Quadratic Gaussian e una nuova versione con approccio modale dello Sliding Mode Control. Le applicazioni dei controllori risultano portare importanti benefici al sistema dinamico, con risultati soddisfacenti sia nel caso di parametri nominali sia nel test di robustezza. La tesi evidenzia dunque l'importanza dell'utilizzo di sospensioni semi-attive nei treni ad alta velocità per raggiungere un elevato grado di comfort per i passeggeri.
Semi-active control of car body vibrations in a railway vehicle
Colombo, Matteo
2023/2024
Abstract
Research into high-speed rail technologies offers significant social, economic, and engineering benefits since this transportation mode provides a cost-effective and energy-efficient alternative to road and air travel, enhancing regional connectivity, economic growth, and job mobility with lower maintenance needs. However, challenges like controlling vibrations, wear, and ensuring structural stability at high speeds require advancements in suspension systems, including semi-active and full-active control to meet the stringent requirements on comfort and safety. While passive dampers are cost-effective for mitigating disturbances, adaptive damping systems could optimize comfort and improve rail transport efficiency. Semi-active primary suspensions offer the best practical solution in term of costs and ease of implementation. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of various control methods applied to a 7 degrees-of-freedom model of a single high-speed railway vehicle, with the aim of reducing vibrations across the entire considered frequency range that affect passengers comfort (0-20 Hz). Specifically, the study focuses on mitigating vibrations caused by the resonance frequency of the first bending mode of the train chassis and on designing controllers that are robust against uncertainties in the parameters defining the system. In the thesis, the Skyhook, Linear Quadratic Gaussian, and a new version with modal approach of the Sliding Mode Control algorithm are presented as solutions. The application of these controllers brings significant benefits to the dynamic system, providing satisfactory results both in the case of nominal parameters and in robustness testing. Therefore, the thesis highlights the importance of using semi-active suspensions in high-speed trains to improve the level of passenger comfort.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/231364