Triboelectricity, also called frictional electricity or contact electricity, is a phenomenon for which charge transfer occurs when two objects are undergoing contact and separation. During the 18th century, electrostatic generators based on triboelectricity were the most common way to generate electricity. Since the electric charges produced by contact are relatively small compared to those that can be produced today through other means, in order for the electric effects to be evident charge recombination had to be avoided and insulating materials had to be used. The behavior of charges in this contest is nowadays referred to in the branch of physics called Electrostatics. The invention of the pile in 1799 led to the possibility of generating significantly more intense currents which allowed the observation of novel electrical phenomena in more conductive materials. The possibility of generating considerably higher electric power led electrostatic generators and, more generally, the science of Electrostatics to assume a role of secondary importance. Over the course of the centuries, a vast literature has been produced about contact electricity but the mechanism for which this phenomenon occurs is not well understood. After an introduction of the previously mentioned topics, in this thesis it is presented an electrostatic generator based on the contact and separation of particles: when two metallic elements are placed in specific positions of a suspension of particles dispersed in an insulating liquid that is put into motion by an impeller, an electrification is observed. The possibility to control the particles and the fluid dynamics of the system possibly allows new insights of the triboelectric phenomenon.
La triboelettricità, detta anche eletrizzazione per strofinio o eletrizzazione di contatto, è un fenomeno in cui si verifica un trasferimento di carica quando due oggetti entrano in contatto e poi si separano. Durante il XVIII secolo, i generatori elettrostatici basati sulla triboelettricità erano il metodo più comune per generare elettricità. Poiché le cariche elettriche prodotte sono relativamente piccole rispetto a quelle producibili oggi attraverso altri mezzi, affinché gli effetti elettrici fossero evidenti si doveva evitare la ricombinazione delle cariche, rendendo necessario l’uso di materiali isolanti. Il comportamento delle cariche in questo contesto è oggi associato alla branca della fisica chiamata Elettrostatica. L’invenzione della pila voltaica nel 1799 rese possibile generare correnti significativamente più intense, permettendo l’osservazione di nuovi fenomeni elettrici in materiali più conduttivi. La possibilità di generare potenza elettrica considerevolmente più elevata portò i generatori elettrostatici e, più in generale, la scienza dell’Elettrostatica ad assumere un ruolo d’importanza secondaria. Nel corso dei secoli è stata prodotta un’ampia letteratura sull’eletrizzazione per contatto ma il meccanismo esatto alla base di questo fenomeno non è ancora ben compreso. Dopo un’introduzione agli argomenti precedentemente menzionati, in questa tesi viene presentato un generatore elettrostatico basato sul contatto e la separazione di particelle in un fluido: quando due elementi metallici vengono posizionati in punti specifici all’interno di una sospensione di particelle disperse in un liquido isolante, una volta che questa viene messa in movimento da una girante si osserva un fenomeno di eletrizzazione. La possibilità di controllare le particelle e la dinamica del fluido potrebbe offrire nuove intuizioni sul fenomeno triboelettrico.
Electrification of particles suspended in an insulating liquid by contact electricity
Sammartin, Paolo
2024/2025
Abstract
Triboelectricity, also called frictional electricity or contact electricity, is a phenomenon for which charge transfer occurs when two objects are undergoing contact and separation. During the 18th century, electrostatic generators based on triboelectricity were the most common way to generate electricity. Since the electric charges produced by contact are relatively small compared to those that can be produced today through other means, in order for the electric effects to be evident charge recombination had to be avoided and insulating materials had to be used. The behavior of charges in this contest is nowadays referred to in the branch of physics called Electrostatics. The invention of the pile in 1799 led to the possibility of generating significantly more intense currents which allowed the observation of novel electrical phenomena in more conductive materials. The possibility of generating considerably higher electric power led electrostatic generators and, more generally, the science of Electrostatics to assume a role of secondary importance. Over the course of the centuries, a vast literature has been produced about contact electricity but the mechanism for which this phenomenon occurs is not well understood. After an introduction of the previously mentioned topics, in this thesis it is presented an electrostatic generator based on the contact and separation of particles: when two metallic elements are placed in specific positions of a suspension of particles dispersed in an insulating liquid that is put into motion by an impeller, an electrification is observed. The possibility to control the particles and the fluid dynamics of the system possibly allows new insights of the triboelectric phenomenon.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/234294