In the context of current technological innovations, the interaction between humans and robots has ceased to be a mere futuristic fantasy, becoming a tangible reality made possible by collaborative robotics. This form of collaboration, considered one of the cornerstones of Industry 4.0, represents a revolution in production processes, focusing on flexibility and efficiency through adaptive and reconfigurable systems. Collaborative robots, unlike their predecessors, are designed to work in close synergy with humans, adapting to diversified and variable tasks. This aspect is crucial in the current economic scenario, dominated by the demand for mass customization in production. Despite the growing interest and investments in the field, human-robot collaboration still presents numerous unresolved issues, as highlighted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), including the lack of tools and standard protocols to effectively assess such interactions. This study aims to address this gap by providing a preliminary proposal for a human-robot collaboration assessment scale. This scale, based on a comprehensive definition of the concept of collaboration, seeks to identify and measure the various dimensions involved in this process. Divided into nine chapters, the work explores the evolution of robotics and the emergence of human-robot collaboration, analyzes the characteristics of collaborative robots, and examines the main approaches to assessing this collaboration, all with a strong influence of the human factor. It also presents a model, specifically a checklist, initially general and then detailed with the key points contained in the reference standards (UNI EN ISO 10218-1:2011; UNI EN ISO 10218-2:2011; ISO/TS 15066:2016) to describe and assess such collaboration, analyzing real industrial scenarios. It is hoped that this tool will be useful to companies adopting collaborative robots, robotic solution providers, and certifying bodies, thus contributing to ensuring the safety and efficiency of future production processes.
Nel contesto delle attuali innovazioni tecnologiche, l’interazione tra esseri umani e robot ha smesso di essere una mera fantasia futuristica, diventando una realtà tangibile resa possibile dalla robotica collaborativa. Questa forma di collaborazione, considerata una delle pietre miliari dell’Industria 4.0, rappresenta una rivoluzione nei processi produttivi, puntando sulla flessibilità e l’efficienza grazie a sistemi adattivi e riconfigurabili. I robot collaborativi, differentemente dai loro predecessori, sono progettati per operare in stretta sinergia con gli esseri umani, adattandosi a compiti diversificati e variabili. Questo aspetto è cruciale nell’attuale scenario economico, dominato dalla richiesta di una produzione personalizzata su vasta scala. Nonostante il crescente interesse e gli investimenti nel settore, il campo della collaborazione uomo-robot presenta ancora numerosi nodi irrisolti, come denuncia in NIST (National Institute Standards of Technology) inclusa la mancanza di strumenti e protocolli standard per valutare efficacemente tali interazioni. Il presente studio si propone di colmare questa lacuna, fornendo una proposta preliminare per una scala di valutazione della collaborazione uomo-robot. Tale scala, basata su una definizione esaustiva del concetto di collaborazione, mira a identificare e misurare le diverse dimensioni coinvolte in questo processo. Diviso in nove capitoli, il lavoro esplora l’evoluzione della robotica e l’emergere della collaborazione uomo-robot, analizza le caratteristiche dei robot collaborativi ed esamina i principali approcci alla valutazione di questa collaborazione, il tutto con una forte influenza del fattore umano. Presenta inoltre un modello, nel dettaglio una checklist, inizialmente generale e poi dettagliata con i punti fondamentali contenuti nelle normative di riferimento (UNI EN ISO 10218-1:2011; UNI EN ISO 10218-2:2011; ISO/TS 15066:2016) al fine di descrivere e valutare tale collaborazione, analizzando scenari industriali reali. Si auspica che questo strumento possa essere utile alle imprese che adottano robot collaborativi, ai fornitori di soluzioni robotiche e agli enti certificatori, contribuendo così a garantire la sicurezza e l’efficienza dei processi produttivi futuri.
Criteri di analisi e valutazione del rischio nelle applicazioni con uso di robot collaborativi
BRACCHI, VALERIO
2023/2024
Abstract
In the context of current technological innovations, the interaction between humans and robots has ceased to be a mere futuristic fantasy, becoming a tangible reality made possible by collaborative robotics. This form of collaboration, considered one of the cornerstones of Industry 4.0, represents a revolution in production processes, focusing on flexibility and efficiency through adaptive and reconfigurable systems. Collaborative robots, unlike their predecessors, are designed to work in close synergy with humans, adapting to diversified and variable tasks. This aspect is crucial in the current economic scenario, dominated by the demand for mass customization in production. Despite the growing interest and investments in the field, human-robot collaboration still presents numerous unresolved issues, as highlighted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), including the lack of tools and standard protocols to effectively assess such interactions. This study aims to address this gap by providing a preliminary proposal for a human-robot collaboration assessment scale. This scale, based on a comprehensive definition of the concept of collaboration, seeks to identify and measure the various dimensions involved in this process. Divided into nine chapters, the work explores the evolution of robotics and the emergence of human-robot collaboration, analyzes the characteristics of collaborative robots, and examines the main approaches to assessing this collaboration, all with a strong influence of the human factor. It also presents a model, specifically a checklist, initially general and then detailed with the key points contained in the reference standards (UNI EN ISO 10218-1:2011; UNI EN ISO 10218-2:2011; ISO/TS 15066:2016) to describe and assess such collaboration, analyzing real industrial scenarios. It is hoped that this tool will be useful to companies adopting collaborative robots, robotic solution providers, and certifying bodies, thus contributing to ensuring the safety and efficiency of future production processes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_Valerio_finale.pdf
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Descrizione: L'industria 4.0: cobot ed esoscheletri. Uno sguardo applicativo.
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6.55 MB
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Executive summary Valerio Bracchi.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive summary
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719.63 kB
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/234397