Digitalization represents one of the most significant transformations of contemporary society, deeply influencing economic, social, and cultural dynamics. Its effects on inequalities have become a crucial subject of academic debate, as digitalization has the potential to either bridge or widen social disparities. This thesis critically examines the bidirectional relationship between digitalization and inequalities, adopting an interdisciplinary approach based on an extensive literature review. The study explores how digital technologies can enhance social inclusion by reducing barriers to essential services such as education, healthcare, and finance. E-learning platforms, for instance, provide educational opportunities to students in remote areas, while telemedicine allows access to healthcare services for populations in underserved regions. Digital financial tools contribute to economic inclusion by offering banking services to previously unbanked individuals. However, these positive effects are not uniformly distributed; disparities in digital infrastructure, economic conditions, and digital literacy exacerbate inequalities, reinforcing the existing socio – economic divide. Additionally, regional disparities remain a key challenge, as urban areas tend to benefit disproportionately from digital advancements compared to rural regions, where connectivity issues and limited digital literacy prevent full participation in the digital economy. The increasing complexity of digital ecosystems also means that those with lower educational levels or limited digital skills face greater difficulties in navigating online platforms effectively, further compounding exclusion. Toanalyze the complex relationshipbetweendigitalization and inequalities, this research employs amixed-method literature review approach, integrating both systematic and non-systematic methodologies. The aim is to identify and classify existing research streams, distinguishing between economic, sociological, and political 3 perspectives while ensuring methodological rigor, depth, and breadth in the selection process. The systematic component of the review follows a structured approach, utilizing the Scopus database to identify peer-reviewed academic papers. A precise keyword- based search strategy was applied, ensuring the retrieval of high-quality publications from ABS 3 and ABS 4 ranked journals. This selection criterion guarantees that the chosen studies meet stringent scientific and methodological standards, reinforcing the credibility and academic rigor of the literature review. To broaden the scope and empirical depth of the analysis, the research also incorporates data and reports from leading international organizations, including the OECD, World Bank, and European Commission. These sources provide quantitative evidence and policy insights on digital disparities, infrastructure development, and governance strategies, enriching the academic discussion with real- world applications and international perspectives. In addition to the systematic search, a snowball methodology was employed to refine the selection process further. This approach involved tracking citations from key articles, allowing the identification of highly influential and complementary studies that may not have surfaced in the initial search. This iterative process helped to capture diverse perspectives and expand the thematic range of the literature review. To ensurecompleteness and analytical coherence, the selected studies were categorized based on their primary contribution to the field, aligning with the three core thematic dimensions of this research: - Access to Essential Services: examining the role of digitalization in facilitating or hindering access to education, healthcare, and financial services. - The Digital Divide and its Consequences: exploring not only technological disparities but also broader implications such as digital literacy gaps, economic exclusion, and access inequality. 4 - Socioeconomic Impact, Gender Disparities, and Job Polarization: investigating the effects of digitalization on labor markets, career advancement, and the increasing polarization between high-skill and low-skill employment. Finally, tosynthesize the findings, athematic analysis frameworkwas applied, identifying key trends, gaps, and policy implications in the literature. By combining systematic rigor with methodological flexibility, this approach ensures abalanced, comprehensive, and analytically robustexamination of theinterplay between digitalization and inequalities. These sources provided crucial insights into the global landscape of digital inequalities, allowing for a comparative approach that highlights differences in digital access, usage, and policy interventions across regions. Moreover, the study examines case studies from various geographic contexts to illustrate the diverse ways in which digital policies influence economic mobility and social inclusion. The findings highlight that digitalization can foster equity under certain conditions: widespread digital infrastructure, access to technological devices, and the acquisition of digital skills are critical enablers of inclusion. Conversely, economic constraints, geographical disparities, cultural norms, and gender biases can act as barriers to digital adoption, leading to new forms of exclusion. In particular, rural areas and low – income communities experience a persistent digital divide that limits their access to education and employment opportunities. Furthermore, gender disparities remain prominent in many regions, with women often facing greater challenges in accessing and utilizing digital tools effectively due to socio – cultural constraints and traditional roles. Age is another significant factor influencing digital inclusion, with older populations often struggling to adapt to new technologies due to lack of familiarity and digital confidence. The lack of culturally inclusive digital literacy programs further reinforces these exclusions, as mainstream initiatives often fail to address the specific needs of diverse population groups. The interplay of race, economic background, and geographic 5 location creates layered inequalities that require tailored intervention strategies rather than generalized digital policies. A key contribution of this thesis is the identification of theoretical gaps in the existing literature: while numerous studies analyze the impact of digitalization on inequalities, few address its long – term effects or the role of public policies in mitigating digital exclusion. Moreover, current research often focuses on access to technology rather than the effective use of digital tools and the development of digital literacy. These gaps highlight the need for future research on the sustainability of digital inclusion initiatives and the interplay between technological innovation and structural inequalities. Additionally, a lack of longitudinal studies makes it difficult to assess whether policies aimed at reducing digital inequalities yield sustainable improvements over time or whether they require continuous adaptation. Future research should also explore how different demographic groups, such as older adults and minority communities, experience digital inclusion and whether existing policies adequately address their unique needs. Comparative analyses between high- income and developing economies could offer valuable insights into the structural factors that shape digital adoption rates and success stories in policy interventions. A further gap exists in assessing the effectiveness of educational systems in preparing future generations for a fully digitalized economy, particularly in countries with limited educational resources. From a policy perspective, this study emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to prevent digitalization from exacerbating inequalities: governments and institutions must prioritize investments in digital infrastructure, design comprehensive digital literacy programs, and implement regulatory frameworks that ensure equitable access to technological advancements; in particular, bridging the digital skills gap is crucial to fostering inclusive economic and social development. The role of the private sector is also crucial, as companies must be encouraged to develop inclusive digital tools and services that cater to the needs of disadvantaged populations. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) can play a pivotal role in funding 6 digital infrastructure projects in underprivileged areas and ensuring the widespread dissemination of technological literacy. Governments should also encourage digital platform providers to implement accessibility standards that enable equitable participation across varying levels of digital literacy. Another critical area for future research is the impact of automation and artificial intelligence on labor market inequalities: as automation replaces certain job functions, individuals with low digital literacy or limited access to technology may find it increasingly difficult to compete in a rapidly evolving job market. This raises concerns about the need for reskilling programs and workforce development strategies to ensure that digital transformation does not lead to further marginalization of vulnerable populations. Moreover, comparative studies on national strategies for digital inclusion could provide valuable insights into best practices and highlight policy innovations that have been successful in reducing digital disparities. The role of education systems in adapting curricula to include digital literacy training from an early age is another crucial factor that should be explored further. Schools and universities must implement strategies to bridge the digital skills gap and equip students with the competencies necessary to thrive in an increasingly digitized world. Digital education must go beyond technical proficiency, incorporating critical thinking, ethical considerations, and an understanding of digital rights to empower individuals as informed participants in the digital economy. Future studies should assess the long- term career impact of early digital education and whether it translates into increased employment stability and economic mobility for disadvantaged populations. In conclusion, this research contributes to the academic discourse by providing a structured analysis of the conditions under which digitalization can serve as a tool for social inclusion or exclusion. By offering a comparative assessment of theoretical models and public policies, it proposes strategic recommendations to maximize the positive impact of digital transformation while mitigating the risks of marginalization. 7 In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements, ensuring fair and inclusive access to digital resources is essential to promote sustainable and socially equitable development. The study underscores the necessity for ongoing policy evaluations and innovative strategies to guarantee that digitalization fulfills its promise of reducing rather than exacerbating social and economic disparities. Ultimately, fostering an inclusive digital environment requires sustained efforts at multiple levels, from governmental policies to grassroots initiatives, ensuring that technological progress benefits all members of society regardless of their socio- economic background. To achieve this, international cooperation and knowledge- sharing among policymakers, researchers, and industry leaders will be essential in shaping an equitable digital future.
La digitalizzazione rappresenta una delle trasformazioni più significative della società contemporanea, influenzando profondamente le dinamiche economiche, sociali e culturali. I suoi effetti sulle disuguaglianze sono diventati un argomento centrale del dibattito accademico, poiché la digitalizzazione ha il potenziale per ridurre o, al contrario, ampliare le disparità sociali. Questa tesi esamina in modo critico la relazione bidirezionale tra digitalizzazione e disuguaglianze, adottando un approccio interdisciplinare basato su un’ampia revisione della letteratura. Lo studio esplora come le tecnologie digitali possano favorire l’inclusione sociale, riducendo le barriere all’accesso a servizi essenziali come l’istruzione, la sanità e la finanza. Le piattaforme di e-learning, ad esempio, offrono opportunità educative a studenti che vivono in aree remote, mentre la telemedicina consente alle popolazioni in zone svantaggiate di accedere ai servizi sanitari. Gli strumenti finanziari digitali contribuiscono all’inclusione economica, fornendo servizi bancari a individui che in precedenza non avevano accesso a istituti finanziari. Tuttavia, questi effetti positivi non sono distribuiti in modo uniforme: le disparità nelle infrastrutture digitali, nelle condizioni economiche e nel livello di alfabetizzazione digitale aggravano le disuguaglianze, rafforzando il divario socioeconomico esistente. Inoltre, le disparità regionali rappresentano una sfida chiave, poiché le aree urbane tendono a beneficiare in modo sproporzionato dei progressi digitali rispetto alle zone rurali, dove problemi di connettività e un basso livello di alfabetizzazione digitale ostacolano la piena partecipazione all’economia digitale. L’aumento della complessità degli ecosistemi digitali implica anche che coloro con livelli di istruzione più bassi o competenze digitali limitate incontrino maggiori difficoltà nell’utilizzo efficace delle piattaforme online, aggravando ulteriormente l’esclusione. 9 Per analizzare la complessa relazione tra digitalizzazione e disuguaglianze, questa ricerca impiega unapproccio misto alla revisione della letteratura, integrando metodologie sistematiche e non sistematiche. L’obiettivo è identificare e classificare i filoni di ricerca esistenti, distinguendo tra prospettive economiche, sociologiche e politiche, garantendo al contempo rigore metodologico, profondità e ampiezza del processo di selezione. La componente sistematica della revisione segue un approccio strutturato, utilizzando il database Scopus per identificare, attraverso una strategia di ricerca basata su parole chiave, articoli che risultino essere pubblicati su giornali/fonti classificati come ABS 3 e ABS 4. Questo criterio di selezione assicura che gli studi scelti soddisfino elevati standard scientifici e metodologici, rafforzando lacredibilità e il rigore accademico della revisione della letteratura. Per ampliare la portata e la profondità empirica dell'analisi, la ricerca include anche dati e report di organizzazioni internazionali di rilievo, come OCSE, Banca Mondiale e Commissione Europea. Queste fonti forniscono evidenze quantitative e approfondimenti politici sulle disuguaglianze digitali, lo sviluppo delle infrastrutture e le strategie di governance, arricchendo la discussione accademica con applicazioni concrete e prospettive internazionali. Oltre alla ricerca sistematica, è stata impiegata una metodologia “a palla di neve” per affinare ulteriormente il processo di selezione. Questo approccio ha previsto iltracciamento delle citazionida articoli chiave, consentendo l’identificazione di studi altamente influenti e complementari che potrebbero non essere emersi nella ricerca iniziale. Questo processo iterativo ha permesso dicatturare prospettive diversificate ed espandere l’ambito tematico della revisione della letteratura. Per garantirecompletezza e coerenza analitica, gli studi selezionati sono stati classificati in base al loro contributo principale nel settore, allineandosi a tre dimensioni tematiche fondamentali: - Accesso ai servizi essenziali: analisi del ruolo della digitalizzazione nel facilitare o ostacolare l'accesso all'istruzione, alla sanità e ai servizi finanziari. 10 - Il divario digitale e le sue conseguenze: esplorazione non solo delle disparità tecnologiche, ma anche di implicazioni più ampie come la mancanza di alfabetizzazione digitale, l'esclusione economica e le disuguaglianze nell’accesso ai servizi digitali. - Impatto socioeconomico, disparità di genere e polarizzazione del lavoro: analisi degli effetti della digitalizzazione sul mercato del lavoro, sull’avanzamento di carriera e sulla crescente polarizzazione traoccupazioni ad alta e bassa qualifica. Persintetizzare i risultati, è stato applicato unframework di analisi tematica, identificando principali tendenze, lacune e implicazioni politiche nella letteratura. Combinandorigore sistematico e flessibilità metodologica, questo approccio garantisce una revisione bilanciata, completa e analiticamente solida dell'interazione tra digitalizzazione e disuguaglianze. Queste fonti hanno fornito importanti approfondimenti sul panorama globale delle disuguaglianze digitali, consentendo un approccio comparativo che mette in luce le differenze nell’accesso digitale, nell’utilizzo delle tecnologie e negli interventi di policy tra le varie regioni. Lo studio analizza anche casi studio provenienti da diversi contesti geografici per illustrare le molteplici modalità con cui le politiche digitali influenzano la mobilità economica e l’inclusione sociale. I risultati evidenziano che la digitalizzazione può favorire l’equità a determinate condizioni: infrastrutture digitali diffuse, accesso ai dispositivi tecnologici e acquisizione di competenze digitali sono elementi chiave per l’inclusione. Al contrario, vincoli economici, disparità geografiche, norme culturali e discriminazioni di genere possono ostacolare l’adozione delle tecnologie digitali, portando alla creazione di nuove forme di esclusione. In particolare, le aree rurali e le comunità a basso reddito 11 subiscono un divario digitale persistente che limita il loro accesso all’istruzione e alle opportunità lavorative. Inoltre, le disparità di genere sono ancora rilevanti in molte regioni, con le donne che spesso incontrano maggiori difficoltà nell’accesso e nell’uso degli strumenti digitali a causa di vincoli socioculturali e ruoli tradizionali. L’età rappresenta un altro fattore significativo nell’inclusione digitale, poiché le popolazioni più anziane tendono ad avere difficoltà nell’adattarsi alle nuove tecnologie a causa della scarsa familiarità e fiducia nell’uso degli strumenti digitali. L’esclusione digitale colpisce anche in modo sproporzionato le minoranze etniche, i migranti e le persone con disabilità, aggravando le disuguaglianze socioeconomiche preesistenti e limitando l’accesso ai servizi essenziali. La mancanza di programmi di alfabetizzazione digitale culturalmente inclusivi rafforza ulteriormente queste esclusioni, poiché le iniziative tradizionali spesso non riescono a rispondere alle esigenze specifiche di gruppi di popolazione diversi. Un contributo chiave di questa tesi è l’identificazione delle lacune teoriche nella letteratura esistente: mentre numerosi studi analizzano l’impatto della digitalizzazione sulle disuguaglianze, pochi affrontano i suoi effetti a lungo termine o il ruolo delle politiche pubbliche nella riduzione dell’esclusione digitale. Inoltre, la ricerca attuale si concentra spesso sull’accesso alla tecnologia piuttosto che sull’uso efficace degli strumenti digitali e sullo sviluppo dell’alfabetizzazione digitale. Queste lacune evidenziano la necessità di future ricerche sulla sostenibilità delle iniziative di inclusione digitale e sull’interazione tra innovazione tecnologica e disuguaglianze strutturali. Inoltre, la carenza di studi longitudinali rende difficile valutare se le politiche volte a ridurre le disuguaglianze digitali portino a miglioramenti sostenibili nel tempo o se richiedano un adattamento continuo. Da una prospettiva politica, lo studio sottolinea l’importanza di interventi mirati per evitare che la digitalizzazione esacerbi le disuguaglianze: i governi e le istituzioni devono prioritizzare gli investimenti nelle infrastrutture digitali, sviluppare programmi di alfabetizzazione digitale inclusivi e implementare normative che 12 garantiscano un accesso equo ai progressi tecnologici; in particolare, colmare il divario di competenze digitali è fondamentale per promuovere uno sviluppo economico e sociale inclusivo. Il settore privato gioca un ruolo cruciale, poiché le aziende devono essere incentivate a sviluppare strumenti digitali accessibili e servizi che rispondano alle esigenze delle popolazioni svantaggiate. Inoltre, le partnership pubblico-private (PPP) possono svolgere un ruolo fondamentale nel finanziare progetti di infrastruttura digitale nelle aree meno sviluppate e garantire la diffusione capillare dell’alfabetizzazione tecnologica. In conclusione, questa ricerca fornisce un’analisi strutturata delle condizioni in cui la digitalizzazione può fungere da strumento di inclusione o esclusione sociale. Attraverso una valutazione comparativa dei modelli teorici e delle politiche pubbliche, propone raccomandazioni strategiche per massimizzare gli effetti positivi della trasformazione digitale, mitigando al contempo i rischi di marginalizzazione. Assicurare un accesso equo e inclusivo alle risorse digitali è essenziale per promuovere uno sviluppo sostenibile e socialmente equo.
Bridging or widening the gap? The impact of digitalization on inequalities
LONGO, ALESSANDRO
2024/2025
Abstract
Digitalization represents one of the most significant transformations of contemporary society, deeply influencing economic, social, and cultural dynamics. Its effects on inequalities have become a crucial subject of academic debate, as digitalization has the potential to either bridge or widen social disparities. This thesis critically examines the bidirectional relationship between digitalization and inequalities, adopting an interdisciplinary approach based on an extensive literature review. The study explores how digital technologies can enhance social inclusion by reducing barriers to essential services such as education, healthcare, and finance. E-learning platforms, for instance, provide educational opportunities to students in remote areas, while telemedicine allows access to healthcare services for populations in underserved regions. Digital financial tools contribute to economic inclusion by offering banking services to previously unbanked individuals. However, these positive effects are not uniformly distributed; disparities in digital infrastructure, economic conditions, and digital literacy exacerbate inequalities, reinforcing the existing socio – economic divide. Additionally, regional disparities remain a key challenge, as urban areas tend to benefit disproportionately from digital advancements compared to rural regions, where connectivity issues and limited digital literacy prevent full participation in the digital economy. The increasing complexity of digital ecosystems also means that those with lower educational levels or limited digital skills face greater difficulties in navigating online platforms effectively, further compounding exclusion. Toanalyze the complex relationshipbetweendigitalization and inequalities, this research employs amixed-method literature review approach, integrating both systematic and non-systematic methodologies. The aim is to identify and classify existing research streams, distinguishing between economic, sociological, and political 3 perspectives while ensuring methodological rigor, depth, and breadth in the selection process. The systematic component of the review follows a structured approach, utilizing the Scopus database to identify peer-reviewed academic papers. A precise keyword- based search strategy was applied, ensuring the retrieval of high-quality publications from ABS 3 and ABS 4 ranked journals. This selection criterion guarantees that the chosen studies meet stringent scientific and methodological standards, reinforcing the credibility and academic rigor of the literature review. To broaden the scope and empirical depth of the analysis, the research also incorporates data and reports from leading international organizations, including the OECD, World Bank, and European Commission. These sources provide quantitative evidence and policy insights on digital disparities, infrastructure development, and governance strategies, enriching the academic discussion with real- world applications and international perspectives. In addition to the systematic search, a snowball methodology was employed to refine the selection process further. This approach involved tracking citations from key articles, allowing the identification of highly influential and complementary studies that may not have surfaced in the initial search. This iterative process helped to capture diverse perspectives and expand the thematic range of the literature review. To ensurecompleteness and analytical coherence, the selected studies were categorized based on their primary contribution to the field, aligning with the three core thematic dimensions of this research: - Access to Essential Services: examining the role of digitalization in facilitating or hindering access to education, healthcare, and financial services. - The Digital Divide and its Consequences: exploring not only technological disparities but also broader implications such as digital literacy gaps, economic exclusion, and access inequality. 4 - Socioeconomic Impact, Gender Disparities, and Job Polarization: investigating the effects of digitalization on labor markets, career advancement, and the increasing polarization between high-skill and low-skill employment. Finally, tosynthesize the findings, athematic analysis frameworkwas applied, identifying key trends, gaps, and policy implications in the literature. By combining systematic rigor with methodological flexibility, this approach ensures abalanced, comprehensive, and analytically robustexamination of theinterplay between digitalization and inequalities. These sources provided crucial insights into the global landscape of digital inequalities, allowing for a comparative approach that highlights differences in digital access, usage, and policy interventions across regions. Moreover, the study examines case studies from various geographic contexts to illustrate the diverse ways in which digital policies influence economic mobility and social inclusion. The findings highlight that digitalization can foster equity under certain conditions: widespread digital infrastructure, access to technological devices, and the acquisition of digital skills are critical enablers of inclusion. Conversely, economic constraints, geographical disparities, cultural norms, and gender biases can act as barriers to digital adoption, leading to new forms of exclusion. In particular, rural areas and low – income communities experience a persistent digital divide that limits their access to education and employment opportunities. Furthermore, gender disparities remain prominent in many regions, with women often facing greater challenges in accessing and utilizing digital tools effectively due to socio – cultural constraints and traditional roles. Age is another significant factor influencing digital inclusion, with older populations often struggling to adapt to new technologies due to lack of familiarity and digital confidence. The lack of culturally inclusive digital literacy programs further reinforces these exclusions, as mainstream initiatives often fail to address the specific needs of diverse population groups. The interplay of race, economic background, and geographic 5 location creates layered inequalities that require tailored intervention strategies rather than generalized digital policies. A key contribution of this thesis is the identification of theoretical gaps in the existing literature: while numerous studies analyze the impact of digitalization on inequalities, few address its long – term effects or the role of public policies in mitigating digital exclusion. Moreover, current research often focuses on access to technology rather than the effective use of digital tools and the development of digital literacy. These gaps highlight the need for future research on the sustainability of digital inclusion initiatives and the interplay between technological innovation and structural inequalities. Additionally, a lack of longitudinal studies makes it difficult to assess whether policies aimed at reducing digital inequalities yield sustainable improvements over time or whether they require continuous adaptation. Future research should also explore how different demographic groups, such as older adults and minority communities, experience digital inclusion and whether existing policies adequately address their unique needs. Comparative analyses between high- income and developing economies could offer valuable insights into the structural factors that shape digital adoption rates and success stories in policy interventions. A further gap exists in assessing the effectiveness of educational systems in preparing future generations for a fully digitalized economy, particularly in countries with limited educational resources. From a policy perspective, this study emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to prevent digitalization from exacerbating inequalities: governments and institutions must prioritize investments in digital infrastructure, design comprehensive digital literacy programs, and implement regulatory frameworks that ensure equitable access to technological advancements; in particular, bridging the digital skills gap is crucial to fostering inclusive economic and social development. The role of the private sector is also crucial, as companies must be encouraged to develop inclusive digital tools and services that cater to the needs of disadvantaged populations. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) can play a pivotal role in funding 6 digital infrastructure projects in underprivileged areas and ensuring the widespread dissemination of technological literacy. Governments should also encourage digital platform providers to implement accessibility standards that enable equitable participation across varying levels of digital literacy. Another critical area for future research is the impact of automation and artificial intelligence on labor market inequalities: as automation replaces certain job functions, individuals with low digital literacy or limited access to technology may find it increasingly difficult to compete in a rapidly evolving job market. This raises concerns about the need for reskilling programs and workforce development strategies to ensure that digital transformation does not lead to further marginalization of vulnerable populations. Moreover, comparative studies on national strategies for digital inclusion could provide valuable insights into best practices and highlight policy innovations that have been successful in reducing digital disparities. The role of education systems in adapting curricula to include digital literacy training from an early age is another crucial factor that should be explored further. Schools and universities must implement strategies to bridge the digital skills gap and equip students with the competencies necessary to thrive in an increasingly digitized world. Digital education must go beyond technical proficiency, incorporating critical thinking, ethical considerations, and an understanding of digital rights to empower individuals as informed participants in the digital economy. Future studies should assess the long- term career impact of early digital education and whether it translates into increased employment stability and economic mobility for disadvantaged populations. In conclusion, this research contributes to the academic discourse by providing a structured analysis of the conditions under which digitalization can serve as a tool for social inclusion or exclusion. By offering a comparative assessment of theoretical models and public policies, it proposes strategic recommendations to maximize the positive impact of digital transformation while mitigating the risks of marginalization. 7 In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements, ensuring fair and inclusive access to digital resources is essential to promote sustainable and socially equitable development. The study underscores the necessity for ongoing policy evaluations and innovative strategies to guarantee that digitalization fulfills its promise of reducing rather than exacerbating social and economic disparities. Ultimately, fostering an inclusive digital environment requires sustained efforts at multiple levels, from governmental policies to grassroots initiatives, ensuring that technological progress benefits all members of society regardless of their socio- economic background. To achieve this, international cooperation and knowledge- sharing among policymakers, researchers, and industry leaders will be essential in shaping an equitable digital future.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2025_04_LONGO.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti a partire dal 01/03/2026
Descrizione: Rapporto tra Digitalizzazione e Disuguaglianze
Dimensione
1.26 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.26 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/234439