In the context of addressing the ever-increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to face climate change, hard-to-abate sectors like maritime transportation remain highly dependent on fossil fuels. In the short-medium term, onboard carbon capture and storage can be a multifaceted solution to smoothly transition to more sustainable fuel sources. In this work is investigated the possibility of converting the CO2 produced from the motors into calcium bicarbonate, a chemical compound already present in natural seawater, so that it could be discharged overboard and stored for long periods of time in the ocean. This technology cited in literature as Accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) is improved by using nanosized calcite crystals produced onboard and more concentrated CO2 streams to make the process faster and more effective, this will be called Weathering of nanosized carbonates (WNC). The technology is investigated with a laboratory-scale testing campaign to evaluate the quality of the process and the stability of the bicarbonate product; from the experimental data and some necessary assumptions, a WNC pilot plant layout was conceptualized for a full-scale vessel, dimensioning the main components, material and energy requirements. Results show the complexity of the solution and the need for further tests to obtain more precise data and provide more sound economic estimates; at the same time, highlight the potential of converting CO2 to bicarbonates with an operational cost of storage between 15 and 18 euros per ton.
Nel contesto di affrontare le crescenti emissioni di anidride carbonica (CO2) e gli effetti del cambiamento climatico, settori difficili da decarbonizzare come il trasporto marittimo restano altamente dipendenti dai combustibili fossili. Nel medio-breve periodo, la cattura e stoccaggio a bordo della CO2 può essere una soluzione sfaccettata per permettere la transizione a combustibili più sostenibili. In questo lavoro viene esplorata la possibilità di convertire la CO2 prodotta dai motori in bicarbonato di calcio, un composto chimico già presente nell’acqua di mare, così che possa essere scaricato in acqua e restare nell’oceano per lunghi periodi di tempo. Questa tecnologia citata in letteratura come “Accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL)” è migliorata utilizzando della calcite nanocristallina prodotta a bordo e un flusso di CO2 più concentrato per rendere il processo più rapido ed efficace, questa verrà chiamata dissoluzione di carbonato nanocristallino o “Weathering of nanosized carbonates (WNC)”. La tecnologia è studiata tramite una campagna sperimentale in scala laboratoriale per valutare la qualità del processo e la stabilità del prodotto ottenuto; dai dati sperimentali e quale ipotesi necessaria, è stato concettualizzato lo schema di un impianto pilota WNC per una nave a grandezza naturale, dimensionando i componenti principali e le risorse materiali ed energetiche necessarie. I risultati mostrano la complessità della soluzione e la necessità di ulteriori prove per ottenere dati più precisi e fornire stime economiche valide; allo stesso tempo evidenziano il potenziale di convertire la CO2 in bicarbonati con un costo operativo di stoccaggio compreso tra i 15 e i 18 euro a tonnellata.
Potential of calcium bicarbonate for onboard carbon capture and storage
Venezia, Valerio
2023/2024
Abstract
In the context of addressing the ever-increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to face climate change, hard-to-abate sectors like maritime transportation remain highly dependent on fossil fuels. In the short-medium term, onboard carbon capture and storage can be a multifaceted solution to smoothly transition to more sustainable fuel sources. In this work is investigated the possibility of converting the CO2 produced from the motors into calcium bicarbonate, a chemical compound already present in natural seawater, so that it could be discharged overboard and stored for long periods of time in the ocean. This technology cited in literature as Accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) is improved by using nanosized calcite crystals produced onboard and more concentrated CO2 streams to make the process faster and more effective, this will be called Weathering of nanosized carbonates (WNC). The technology is investigated with a laboratory-scale testing campaign to evaluate the quality of the process and the stability of the bicarbonate product; from the experimental data and some necessary assumptions, a WNC pilot plant layout was conceptualized for a full-scale vessel, dimensioning the main components, material and energy requirements. Results show the complexity of the solution and the need for further tests to obtain more precise data and provide more sound economic estimates; at the same time, highlight the potential of converting CO2 to bicarbonates with an operational cost of storage between 15 and 18 euros per ton.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/234577