Since the beginning of the space era humankind began to release in orbit parts of launchers or satellites with no operative purpose, initially, this didn’t constitute a problem but as the years went by they increased in number seriously raising the danger of impacts with operative satellites. For this reason, the most recent guidelines impose that the satellites of the new generation must have a disposal plan, which could be actuated by using a drag sail. Considering the massive dimensions of these kinds of devices, they must be designed to occupy the smallest possible volume when folded and then extend when becoming operative. To do this, the membranes constituting the sails are folded like origami, and their characteristics must be studied to determine their behaviour. In this thesis samples of Dupont Kapton HN are creased, tested and analysed using the elastica theory to determine the local mechanical properties of the creases and build a constitutive model. A good linear correlation is found between the fold angle and the crease moment, which can be expressed through a parameter k, describing the crease as a torsional spring. The k parameter is determined for more samples and using materials with two different thicknesses (50.8 adn 76.2 µm), and the results are analysed using a t-student distribution. Then the viscoelastic properties of the material are characterised through a creep test to model numerically its behaviour. Finally, the tests are simulated numerically on Abaqus, modelling the creases with a partition of material with properties that take into account both the stiffness of the crease and the properties of the virgin material, concluding that creases can be modelled using this method, but considering that some incongruences between tests and simulations can be present, caused by the geometrical irregularities of the used material.
Sin dall’inizio dell’era spaziale l’uomo ha iniziato a rilasciare in orbita delle parti di lanciatori o satelliti che non avevano nessuno scopo operativo, inizialmente questo non era un problema, ma col passare degli anni sono aumentati di numero alzando seriamente il pericolo di impatti con satelliti operativi. Per questo motivo, le più recenti linee guida impongono ai satelliti di ultima generazione di avere un piano di smaltimento, che può essere attuato utilizzando delle drag sail. Viste le grandi dimensioni di questo tipo di dispositivi, è necessario che siano progettate in modo da occupare lo spazio più piccolo possibile da piegate, per poi estendersi una volta operative. Per poter fare ciò le membrane che le costituiscono vengono piegate come degli origami, e le loro caratteristiche devono essere note in modo da poterne simulare il comportamento. In questa tesi dei provini di Kapton HN Dupont™vengono piegati, testati ed analizzati utilizzando la teoria della linea elastica in modo da determinare le proprietà meccaniche localizzate nelle pieghe e poterle rappresentare in dei modelli numerici. Viene trovata una buona correlazione lineare tra l’angolo di piega e il momento esercitato da essa, che può quindi essere descritta tramite un parametro k, andando a descrivere la piega come una molla torsionale. Il parametro k viene determinato per più campioni ed utilizzando materiali con due diversi valori di spessore (50.8 e 76.2 µm), e i risultati vengono analizzati tramite una distribuzione t-student. Vengono poi caratterizzate le proprietà viscoelastiche del materiale tramite creep test al fine di modellarne numericamente il comportamento. Infine i test vengono simulati numericamente su Abaqus modellando le pieghe con una partizione di materiale avente proprietà che tengano conto sia della rigidità della piega che delle proprietà del materiale vergine.
Characterisation of the properties of creases in thin Kapton sheets for the realisation of a drag sail
Zappella, Simone
2023/2024
Abstract
Since the beginning of the space era humankind began to release in orbit parts of launchers or satellites with no operative purpose, initially, this didn’t constitute a problem but as the years went by they increased in number seriously raising the danger of impacts with operative satellites. For this reason, the most recent guidelines impose that the satellites of the new generation must have a disposal plan, which could be actuated by using a drag sail. Considering the massive dimensions of these kinds of devices, they must be designed to occupy the smallest possible volume when folded and then extend when becoming operative. To do this, the membranes constituting the sails are folded like origami, and their characteristics must be studied to determine their behaviour. In this thesis samples of Dupont Kapton HN are creased, tested and analysed using the elastica theory to determine the local mechanical properties of the creases and build a constitutive model. A good linear correlation is found between the fold angle and the crease moment, which can be expressed through a parameter k, describing the crease as a torsional spring. The k parameter is determined for more samples and using materials with two different thicknesses (50.8 adn 76.2 µm), and the results are analysed using a t-student distribution. Then the viscoelastic properties of the material are characterised through a creep test to model numerically its behaviour. Finally, the tests are simulated numerically on Abaqus, modelling the creases with a partition of material with properties that take into account both the stiffness of the crease and the properties of the virgin material, concluding that creases can be modelled using this method, but considering that some incongruences between tests and simulations can be present, caused by the geometrical irregularities of the used material.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_04_Zappella_Executive_Summary.pdf
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2025_04_Zappella_Tesi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/234594