The Madagascan people have traditionally produced charcoal by torrefying mangrove wood via uncontrolled carbonisation in earth mound kilns. This Traditional method has adverse effects on the environment, mainly due to its impact on global warming, defor estation and biodiversity. Therefore, the CHAR:ME project (2022 POLISOCIAL award) has been set up to find an alternative charcoal production method. This method makes use of waste materials, cardboard and sawdust, and torrefies this biomass via a controlled pyrolysis process to biochar. The environmental impacts of the two different charcoal production methods are evaluated through a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), with a cradle-to-gate perspective including the distribution to the consumer. The im pact assessment methods ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H), ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) and Biodiversity are used to analyse the environmental impacts of the two product systems. The most important midpoint impact categories, according to the aim of the CHAR:ME project, are global warming and land use. The impact on global warming decreases from 484.4 gCO2-eq for the Traditional product system to 11.94 gCO2-eq for the CHAR:ME product system, this is a decrease of -97.54%. Moreover, the impacts on land use are decreased by -68.14%. As determined by the endpoint, the effects on the areas of protec tion ’Human health’ have reduced by -86.48% and effects on ’Ecosystems’ have reduced by -92.16%. However, the effects on ’Resources’ have increased by +396.80%. It has been determined that this increase is mainly due to the use of electricity, accounting for 77.14% of the effects on resources. Therefore, a scenario evaluating the use of renew able electricity (PV panels) has been performed, resulting in a decrease of the effects on resources as compared to using grid electricity. The difference in resources between the Traditional and CHAR:ME product system is reduced to +19.82%. Lastly, the Biodi versity method, provided by Chaudhary et al. (2018) [7], shows reduced effects on both global and regional potential species lost, by -81.90% and by -77.89%, respectively. The results highlight that the CHAR:ME product system has overall reduced environmental impacts when compared to the Traditional product system.
La popolazione malgascia produce tradizionalmente carbone di legna torrefacendo il legno di mangrovia attraverso la carbonizzazione incontrollata in forni a tumulo di terra. Questo metodo Tradizionale ha effetti negativi sull’ambiente, soprattutto a causa del suo impatto sul riscaldamento globale, sulla deforestazione e sulla biodiversità. Pertanto, il progetto CHAR:ME (2022 POLISOCIAL award) è stato avviato per trovare un metodo alternativo. Questo metodo utilizza materiali di scarto, cartone e segatura, e per poi eseguire un processo di torrefazione attraverso un processo di pirolisi controllata per ottenere biochar. Gli impatti ambientali dei due diversi metodi di produzione sono valutati attraverso una valutazione comparativa del ciclo di vita (LCA). I metodi di valutazione ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H), ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) e Biodiversity sono usati per analizzare gli impatti ambientali. Le categorie di impatto più importanti del punto medio, in linea con l’obiettivo del progetto CHAR:ME, sono il riscaldamento globale e l’uso del suolo. L’impatto sul riscaldamento globale diminuisce da 484.4 gCO2-eq per il sistema di prodotti tradizionali a 11.94 gCO2-eq per il sistema di prodotti CHAR:ME, ovvero una diminuzione del -97.54%. Inoltre, gli impatti sull’uso del suolo diminuiscono del -68.14%. Come determinato dall’endpoint, gli effetti sulle aree di protezione “Salute umana” si sono ridotti del -86.48% e gli effetti sugli “Ecosistemi” si sono ridotti del -92.16%. Tuttavia, gli effetti sulle “Risorse” sono aumentati del +396.80%. È stato determinato che questo aumento è dovuto principalmente all’uso dell’elettricità, che rappresenta il 77.14% degli effetti sulle risorse. Pertanto, è stato eseguito uno scenario che valuta l’uso di elettricità rinnovabile, che ha portato a una diminuzione degli effetti sulle risorse rispetto a utilizzando l’elettricità di rete. La differenza di risorse tra il sistema di prodotti Traditional e CHAR:ME è ridotta a +19,82%. Infine, il metodo della biodiversità, fornito da Chaudhary et al. (2018), mostra una riduzione degli effetti sulla perdita potenziale di specie sia a livello globale che regionale, rispettivamente del -81.90% e del -77.89%. I risultati evidenziano che il sistema di produzione CHAR:ME ha impatti ambientali complessivamente ridotti rispetto al sistema di produzione tradizionale.
Life cycle assessment on the production of biochar briquettes from sawdust and cardboard waste
CAPEL, LOTTE
2024/2025
Abstract
The Madagascan people have traditionally produced charcoal by torrefying mangrove wood via uncontrolled carbonisation in earth mound kilns. This Traditional method has adverse effects on the environment, mainly due to its impact on global warming, defor estation and biodiversity. Therefore, the CHAR:ME project (2022 POLISOCIAL award) has been set up to find an alternative charcoal production method. This method makes use of waste materials, cardboard and sawdust, and torrefies this biomass via a controlled pyrolysis process to biochar. The environmental impacts of the two different charcoal production methods are evaluated through a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), with a cradle-to-gate perspective including the distribution to the consumer. The im pact assessment methods ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H), ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) and Biodiversity are used to analyse the environmental impacts of the two product systems. The most important midpoint impact categories, according to the aim of the CHAR:ME project, are global warming and land use. The impact on global warming decreases from 484.4 gCO2-eq for the Traditional product system to 11.94 gCO2-eq for the CHAR:ME product system, this is a decrease of -97.54%. Moreover, the impacts on land use are decreased by -68.14%. As determined by the endpoint, the effects on the areas of protec tion ’Human health’ have reduced by -86.48% and effects on ’Ecosystems’ have reduced by -92.16%. However, the effects on ’Resources’ have increased by +396.80%. It has been determined that this increase is mainly due to the use of electricity, accounting for 77.14% of the effects on resources. Therefore, a scenario evaluating the use of renew able electricity (PV panels) has been performed, resulting in a decrease of the effects on resources as compared to using grid electricity. The difference in resources between the Traditional and CHAR:ME product system is reduced to +19.82%. Lastly, the Biodi versity method, provided by Chaudhary et al. (2018) [7], shows reduced effects on both global and regional potential species lost, by -81.90% and by -77.89%, respectively. The results highlight that the CHAR:ME product system has overall reduced environmental impacts when compared to the Traditional product system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Executive_Summary_Lotte_final.pdf
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Thesis_Lotte_final.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/234818