With an estimated 300 million individuals requiring assistance in 2024, humanitarian needs are an urgent and warring problem worldwide. Conflicts, climate emergencies, and political and economic instability are forcing more people into inadequate housing, increasing the demand for shelter reconstruction and repair, mostly handled by NGOs and international agencies involving local populations and authorities. Due to time constraints and urgent needs, the materials, especially the natural ones, are often misused. Important steps to guarantee durability, like treatments, quality controls, and detailed designs, are avoided, prioritizing speed over quality. This is the case of bamboo, which, if not properly handled, naturally vulnerable to rot and insect attack, drastically reduces its service life. Starting from the analysis of the bamboo-based shelter repair project of an NGO operating in Myanmar, the present thesis provides recommendations to increase the shelter's durability by exploring the potentiality of a more conscious and appropriate utilization of bamboo. The work reviews humanitarian shelter modalities, bamboo in construction, and the case study context. This settles the base for the proposed improvements, underlining different challenges and constraints. A detailed summary of the current program is then provided, identifying limitations, problems, and areas of improvement. To cover those gaps, evidence-based actions to maximise bamboo-based shelter durability and overall program effectiveness are illustrated. In particular, all phases, from bamboo plantation to its implementation in the project, are analyzed, comparing the efficiency of the most suitable approaches for the case study. The work not only proposes the most relevant and appropriate solutions but also explores alternative options to support informed decision-making. This thesis is useful not only for the NGO, which can identify other criticalities in the program, but also for other researchers that could work on several identified gaps, such as the absence of reliable and shared data and knowledge in the humanitarian sector or the poor quality of some documentation regarding bamboo design.
Nel 2024 sono oltre 300 milioni le persone che necessitano assistenza umanitaria, costituendo un problema urgente e allarmante a livello mondiale. Conflitti, emergenze climatiche e instabilità politiche ed economiche, portano un numero crescente di persone a vivere in condizioni abitative inadeguate. Per supplire a queste necessità, ONG e organizzazioni internazionali, si impegnano in progetti di costruzione e riparazione di rifugi coinvolgendo le realtà locali. Durante questi interventi, a causa del tempo limitato e dell’imminenza dei bisogni, spesso i materiali vengono impiegati in modo improprio, specialmente quelli di origine naturale. Passaggi fondamentali per garantirne la durabilità, quali trattamenti e controlli di qualità, vengono tralasciati, privilegiando la velocità a scapito della qualità. È il caso del bambù che, se non adeguatamente gestito, essendo naturalmente incline a marcire e vulnerabile agli attacchi di insetti e muffe, vede drasticamente ridotta la propria vita utile. Questa tesi analizza un progetto di riparazione di rifugi in bambù di un’ONG operante in Myanmar, proponendo strategie per incrementarne la durabilità degli edifici, attraverso un impiego più consapevole e appropriato del materiale. Il lavoro esamina le possibili modalità di intervento nel settore umanitario, l’uso del bambù in edilizia e il contesto del caso studio, ponendo le basi per le proposte di miglioramento. Viene quindi fornito un quadro dettagliato del programma, individuandone limitazioni, problemi e possibili aree di sviluppo. Dalla piantumazione all’impiego nel progetto, vengono analizzate tutte le fasi riguardanti il bambù, valutando gli approcci più indicati volti a massimizzare la durabilità e la complessiva efficacia del programma . Il lavoro non si limita a proporre soluzioni univoche, ma esplora anche opzioni alternative per sostenere un processo decisionale più informato. Questa tesi risulta utile non solo per l’ONG, che potrà così individuare ulteriori criticità, ma anche per altri ricercatori, i quali potrebbero concentrarsi sulle lacune emerse, come la mancanza di dati affidabili nel settore umanitario o la scarsa qualità di parte di quelli riguardanti il bambù.
Enhancing quality and durability of bamboo-based shelter in humanitarian contexts: a shelter repair program in Myanmar
Ambrosi, Alice
2023/2024
Abstract
With an estimated 300 million individuals requiring assistance in 2024, humanitarian needs are an urgent and warring problem worldwide. Conflicts, climate emergencies, and political and economic instability are forcing more people into inadequate housing, increasing the demand for shelter reconstruction and repair, mostly handled by NGOs and international agencies involving local populations and authorities. Due to time constraints and urgent needs, the materials, especially the natural ones, are often misused. Important steps to guarantee durability, like treatments, quality controls, and detailed designs, are avoided, prioritizing speed over quality. This is the case of bamboo, which, if not properly handled, naturally vulnerable to rot and insect attack, drastically reduces its service life. Starting from the analysis of the bamboo-based shelter repair project of an NGO operating in Myanmar, the present thesis provides recommendations to increase the shelter's durability by exploring the potentiality of a more conscious and appropriate utilization of bamboo. The work reviews humanitarian shelter modalities, bamboo in construction, and the case study context. This settles the base for the proposed improvements, underlining different challenges and constraints. A detailed summary of the current program is then provided, identifying limitations, problems, and areas of improvement. To cover those gaps, evidence-based actions to maximise bamboo-based shelter durability and overall program effectiveness are illustrated. In particular, all phases, from bamboo plantation to its implementation in the project, are analyzed, comparing the efficiency of the most suitable approaches for the case study. The work not only proposes the most relevant and appropriate solutions but also explores alternative options to support informed decision-making. This thesis is useful not only for the NGO, which can identify other criticalities in the program, but also for other researchers that could work on several identified gaps, such as the absence of reliable and shared data and knowledge in the humanitarian sector or the poor quality of some documentation regarding bamboo design.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/234924