Earthquakes, which are natural disasters, are catastrophic events that lead to loss of life, extensive material damage, and environmental degradation. In this context, the reconstruction of the damaged historical/modern urban system after an earthquake disaster is a complex process in which numerous factors play a crucial role, requiring great sensitivity. While the short-term accommodation needs of earthquake survivors are urgently met with temporary shelters, the long-term requirements of the city and community, along with socio-spatial dynamics, for permanent designs to replace the collapsed structures should be thoroughly considered through collaboration among various experts. In a globalized world where the boundaries of goods and services, technology, and investment, as well as the flow of people and information, transcend, and interdependence and cooperation increase among national economies, cultures, and populations, the physical loss resulting from earthquakes can be seen as a “potential opportunity” in the long-term reconstruction process. With the increase in cross-cultural collaboration and the sharing of architectural ideas, methodology, and style facilitated by globalization, and the implementation of innovative design decisions through technological advancements, there can be positive effects in the post-earthquake construction process. However, it is essential to consider the negative impacts of globalization on urban identity and local community sensitivity. Without respecting the identity of the city where the earthquake occurred and without taking socio-spatial dynamics into account, a rapid construction process may lead to issues such as standardization triggered by globalization and loss of identity. This research aims to emphasize the importance of collective memory spaces as a preventive measure for these negative effects and to establish a balance between local and global perspectives. The city of Hatay, located on the Turkey-Syria border, which suffered the most destructive damage from the global-scale earthquake on February 6, 2023, was selected as a research case due to its 80% physical loss. Examining the pre- and post-earthquake conditions of urban spaces in Hatay (Antakya) through the concept of collective memory aims to provide answers to how voids in the city should be thought out and designed to prevent the loss of a sense of belonging. Questions such as the impact of physical loss on collective memory, how architects and urban designers can protect and design collective memory spaces in a city with intense physical loss to prevent the loss of the community’s sense of belonging, form the starting point of the research thesis. The methodology applied in this article involves site visit, reviewing existing academic literature such as the thesis, seminar, and publications. In conclusion, this thesis aims to emphasize the importance of the concept of collective memory as a preventive measure against standardization and the loss of a sense of belonging triggered by globalization in the post-earthquake reconstruction process.
I terremoti, che sono disastri naturali, sono eventi catastrofici che comportano la perdita di vite umane, danni materiali estesi e degrado ambientale. In questo contesto, la ricostruzione del sistema urbano storico/moderno danneggiato dopo un disastro sismico è un processo complesso in cui numerosi fattori svolgono un ruolo cruciale, richiedendo grande sensibilità. Mentre i bisogni di alloggio a breve termine dei sopravvissuti al terremoto vengono urgentemente soddisfatti con rifugi temporanei, i requisiti a lungo termine della città e della comunità, insieme alle dinamiche socio-spaziali, per progetti permanenti che sostituiscano le strutture crollate devono essere attentamente considerati attraverso la collaborazione tra vari esperti. In un mondo globalizzato in cui i confini di beni e servizi, tecnologia e investimenti, così come il flusso di persone e informazioni, vengono superati, e la dipendenza e la cooperazione aumentano tra economie, culture e popolazioni nazionali, la perdita fisica causata dai terremoti può essere vista come una “potenziale opportunità” nel processo di ricostruzione a lungo termine. Con l’aumento della collaborazione interculturale e la condivisione di idee architettoniche, metodologie e stili facilitata dalla globalizzazione, e l’implementazione di decisioni progettuali innovative attraverso i progressi tecnologici, possono esserci effetti positivi nel processo di costruzione post-sismico. Tuttavia, è essenziale considerare gli impatti negativi della globalizzazione sull’identità urbana e sulla sensibilità della comunità locale. Senza rispettare l’identità della città in cui si è verificato il terremoto e senza tenere conto delle dinamiche socio-spaziali, un processo di costruzione rapido può portare a problemi come la standardizzazione innescata dalla globalizzazione e la perdita di identità. Questa ricerca mira a sottolineare l’importanza degli spazi di memoria collettiva come misura preventiva contro questi effetti negativi e a stabilire un equilibrio tra prospettive locali e globali. La città di Hatay, situata al confine tra Turchia e Siria, che ha subito i danni più devastanti dal terremoto su scala globale del 6 febbraio 2023, è stata selezionata come caso di studio a causa della sua perdita fisica dell’80%. Esaminare le condizioni pre- e post-terremoto degli spazi urbani a Hatay (Antakya) attraverso il concetto di memoria collettiva mira a fornire risposte su come i vuoti nella città debbano essere pensati e progettati per prevenire la perdita del senso di appartenenza. Domande come l’impatto della perdita fisica sulla memoria collettiva, come architetti e progettisti urbani possono proteggere e progettare spazi di memoria collettiva in una città con intensa perdita fisica per prevenire la perdita del senso di appartenenza della comunità, costituiscono il punto di partenza della tesi di ricerca. La metodologia adottata in questo articolo prevede visite sul campo, la revisione della letteratura accademica esistente, come tesi, seminari e pubblicazioni. In conclusione, questa tesi mira a sottolineare l’importanza del concetto di memoria collettiva come misura preventiva contro la standardizzazione e la perdita del senso di appartenenza innescati dalla globalizzazione nel processo di ricostruzione post-sismica.
Rethinking Antakya: the significance of collective memory in post-earthquake reconstruction
Altun, Beste;Dolapcioglu, Zeynep
2024/2025
Abstract
Earthquakes, which are natural disasters, are catastrophic events that lead to loss of life, extensive material damage, and environmental degradation. In this context, the reconstruction of the damaged historical/modern urban system after an earthquake disaster is a complex process in which numerous factors play a crucial role, requiring great sensitivity. While the short-term accommodation needs of earthquake survivors are urgently met with temporary shelters, the long-term requirements of the city and community, along with socio-spatial dynamics, for permanent designs to replace the collapsed structures should be thoroughly considered through collaboration among various experts. In a globalized world where the boundaries of goods and services, technology, and investment, as well as the flow of people and information, transcend, and interdependence and cooperation increase among national economies, cultures, and populations, the physical loss resulting from earthquakes can be seen as a “potential opportunity” in the long-term reconstruction process. With the increase in cross-cultural collaboration and the sharing of architectural ideas, methodology, and style facilitated by globalization, and the implementation of innovative design decisions through technological advancements, there can be positive effects in the post-earthquake construction process. However, it is essential to consider the negative impacts of globalization on urban identity and local community sensitivity. Without respecting the identity of the city where the earthquake occurred and without taking socio-spatial dynamics into account, a rapid construction process may lead to issues such as standardization triggered by globalization and loss of identity. This research aims to emphasize the importance of collective memory spaces as a preventive measure for these negative effects and to establish a balance between local and global perspectives. The city of Hatay, located on the Turkey-Syria border, which suffered the most destructive damage from the global-scale earthquake on February 6, 2023, was selected as a research case due to its 80% physical loss. Examining the pre- and post-earthquake conditions of urban spaces in Hatay (Antakya) through the concept of collective memory aims to provide answers to how voids in the city should be thought out and designed to prevent the loss of a sense of belonging. Questions such as the impact of physical loss on collective memory, how architects and urban designers can protect and design collective memory spaces in a city with intense physical loss to prevent the loss of the community’s sense of belonging, form the starting point of the research thesis. The methodology applied in this article involves site visit, reviewing existing academic literature such as the thesis, seminar, and publications. In conclusion, this thesis aims to emphasize the importance of the concept of collective memory as a preventive measure against standardization and the loss of a sense of belonging triggered by globalization in the post-earthquake reconstruction process.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/234976