Electricity is the backbone of modern development, supporting several industrial sectors and society as a whole. It is also a measure of economic development, social stability, and welfare. Nowadays, the context of the electricity system has evolved considerably since market liberalization, and players face constantly diverse challenges to maintain a reliable and efficient energy supply. Additionally, the integration of RES, digitalization, and decarbonization goals has brought into the system new challenges and complexity. In recent years, the metric known as levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) has been widely used to compare the economic competitiveness of new technologies, mainly for renewable energy sources. This metric has proven to be a good indicator of competitiveness among technologies and investment projects, but it also has clear disadvantages. For this reason, the literature introduces new metrics that aim to replace or complement LCOE. This report focuses on computing these new metrics for the case of Italy. In Chapter 1, the Italian context is introduced, covering its key players in the electricity system, the energy mix, and marginal price variations. Then, in Chapter 2, the literature review is presented, defining and describing LCOE along with its trends and limitations. In this chapter, the new metrics are defined, and variations among authors are discussed. In Chapter 3, it is presented the benchmarking of LCOE from latest references about costs in Italy, and the methodology for the next chapters is described shortly. Then in Chapter 4 it is presented the computation for VALCOE and the variations of this metric for different time frames. In Chapter 5 it is performed the computation of LACE, and similarly to VALCOE, it is evaluated at different time frames. All calculations are performed using real available data from Italian electricity institutions. Later, in Chapter 6 there is a discussion regarding the results obtained and the behaviors and trends observed from the evaluation of the metrics. Finally, Chapter 7 presents the conclusions.
L’elettricità è la spina dorsale dello sviluppo moderno, supportando diversi settori industriali e la società nel suo insieme. È anche una misura dello sviluppo economico, della stabilità sociale e del benessere. Al giorno d’oggi, il contesto del sistema elettrico è evoluto considerevolmente sin dalla liberalizzazione del mercato, e gli attori affrontano costantemente sfide diverse per mantenere una fornitura di energia affidabile ed efficiente. Inoltre, l’integrazione delle FER, la digitalizzazione e gli obiettivi di decarbonizzazione hanno portato nel sistema nuove sfide e complessità. Negli ultimi anni, la metrica nota come costo livellato dell’elettricità (LCOE) è stata ampiamente utilizzata per confrontare la competitività economica delle nuove tecnologie, principalmente per le fonti di energia rinnovabile. Questa metrica si è dimostrata un buon indicatore di competitività tra tecnologie e progetti di investimento, ma presenta anche evidenti svantaggi. Per questa ragione, la letteratura introduce nuove metriche che mirano a sostituire o integrare LCOE. Questo rapporto si concentra sul calcolo di queste nuove metriche per il caso dell’Italia. Nel Capitolo 1, viene introdotto il contesto italiano, coprendo i principali attori nel sistema elettrico, il mix energetico e le variazioni del prezzo marginale. Poi, nel Capitolo 2, viene presentata la revisione della letteratura, definendo e descrivendo LCOE insieme alle sue tendenze e limitazioni. In questo capitolo, le nuove metriche sono definite e vengono discusse le variazioni tra gli autori. Nel Capitolo 3, viene presentato il benchmarking di LCOE dalle ultime referenze sui costi in Italia, e viene descritta brevemente la metodologia per i capitoli successivi. Poi, nel Capitolo 4, viene presentato il calcolo di VALCOE e le variazioni di questa metrica per diversi orizzonti temporali. Nel Capitolo 5, viene eseguito il calcolo di LACE, e similmente a VALCOE, viene valutato in diversi orizzonti temporali. Tutti i calcoli vengono effettuati utilizzando dati reali disponibili dalle istituzioni elettriche italiane. Successivamente, nel Capitolo 6, viene discussa l’analisi dei risultati ottenuti e i comportamenti e le tendenze osservate dalla valutazione delle metriche. Infine, il Capitolo 7 presenta le conclusioni.
Evaluation of different metrics of levelized cost of electricity in Italy
Rosero Zuñiga, Laura Sofia
2024/2025
Abstract
Electricity is the backbone of modern development, supporting several industrial sectors and society as a whole. It is also a measure of economic development, social stability, and welfare. Nowadays, the context of the electricity system has evolved considerably since market liberalization, and players face constantly diverse challenges to maintain a reliable and efficient energy supply. Additionally, the integration of RES, digitalization, and decarbonization goals has brought into the system new challenges and complexity. In recent years, the metric known as levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) has been widely used to compare the economic competitiveness of new technologies, mainly for renewable energy sources. This metric has proven to be a good indicator of competitiveness among technologies and investment projects, but it also has clear disadvantages. For this reason, the literature introduces new metrics that aim to replace or complement LCOE. This report focuses on computing these new metrics for the case of Italy. In Chapter 1, the Italian context is introduced, covering its key players in the electricity system, the energy mix, and marginal price variations. Then, in Chapter 2, the literature review is presented, defining and describing LCOE along with its trends and limitations. In this chapter, the new metrics are defined, and variations among authors are discussed. In Chapter 3, it is presented the benchmarking of LCOE from latest references about costs in Italy, and the methodology for the next chapters is described shortly. Then in Chapter 4 it is presented the computation for VALCOE and the variations of this metric for different time frames. In Chapter 5 it is performed the computation of LACE, and similarly to VALCOE, it is evaluated at different time frames. All calculations are performed using real available data from Italian electricity institutions. Later, in Chapter 6 there is a discussion regarding the results obtained and the behaviors and trends observed from the evaluation of the metrics. Finally, Chapter 7 presents the conclusions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235073