The B2C e-commerce sector is experiencing continuous growth year after year, leading to an increase in logistical challenges, especially in the final stage of delivery. The last mile delivery phase is particularly critical due to the fragmentation of deliveries, the geographical dispersion of destinations, and the high consumer expectations in terms of speed and flexibility. The growing complexity of these operations is encouraging companies to invest more and more in innovative and sustainable solutions to improve efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of deliveries. This research aims to develop a decision-making model to help industry operators identify the most suitable last-mile delivery solution based on the specific application context. To this end, the study has identified key variables influencing the choice, such as the proximity of the goods to the delivery point, the required service level, the characteristics of the served area, and the specifications of the parcel. These factors have been integrated into a decision tree designed to guide the selection of available alternatives. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the different solutions from an economic and environmental perspective, determining the optimal option in terms of cost and emissions per parcel. Among the most promising options, cargo bikes have proven to be highly efficient in urban contexts, while drones have shown significant advantages in extra-urban areas, significantly reducing both delivery times and environmental impact. Finally, parcel lockers have demonstrated a good balance between sustainability and operational efficiency. The results confirm that there is no universal solution but rather a set of alternatives that should be selected based on the specific context. The integration of innovative technologies and sustainable delivery strategies is essential to improve companies' competitiveness and address the challenges of e-commerce. This study provides a methodological framework useful for evaluating the available solutions and integrating economic and environmental considerations into the decision-making process, promoting a more conscious and sustainable adoption of new technologies in the last-mile delivery sector.
Il settore dell’e-commerce B2C sta vivendo una crescita continua anno dopo anno, portando a un aumento delle sfide logistiche, soprattutto nella fase finale della consegna. La fase di last-mile delivery risulta critica a causa della frammentazione delle spedizioni, della dispersione geografica delle destinazioni e dell’elevate aspettative dei consumatori in termini di velocità e flessibilità. La crescente complessità di queste operazioni sta incentivando le aziende a investire sempre più in soluzioni innovative e sostenibili per migliorarne l’efficienza e ridurne l’impatto ambientale. Questa ricerca si propone di sviluppare un modello decisionale che aiuti gli operatori del settore a identificare la soluzione di last-mile delivery più adatta in base al contesto applicativo specifico. A tal fine, lo studio ha individuato le variabili chiave che influenzano la scelta, come la prossimità della merce al punto di consegna, il livello di servizio richiesto, le caratteristiche dell’area servita e le specifiche del pacco. Questi fattori sono stati integrati in un albero decisionale, concepito per orientare la selezione delle alternative disponibili. Successivamente, è stata condotta un'analisi comparativa per valutare le diverse soluzioni dal punto di vista economico ed ambientale, determinando l’opzione ottimale in termini di costo ed emissioni per pacco. Tra le opzioni più promettenti, le cargo bike si sono rivelate altamente efficienti nei contesti urbani, mentre i droni hanno mostrato vantaggi significativi in aree extra-urbane, riducendo tempi di consegna e impatto ambientale. Infine, i parcel locker hanno dimostrato un buon equilibrio tra sostenibilità ed efficienza operativa. I risultati confermano che non esiste una soluzione universale, ma piuttosto un insieme di alternative da selezionare in base al contesto specifico. L’integrazione di tecnologie innovative e strategie di consegna sostenibili è essenziale per migliorare la competitività delle aziende e affrontare le sfide dell’e-commerce. Questo studio fornisce un framework metodologico utile per valutare le soluzioni disponibili ed integrare considerazioni economiche e ambientali nel processo decisionale, favorendo un’adozione più consapevole e sostenibile delle nuove tecnologie nel settore delle consegne.
Selecting last-mile delivery solutions in B2C e-commerce: a decision-making model with cost and emission insights
Bucciarelli, Elena;Barigelletti, Emma
2024/2025
Abstract
The B2C e-commerce sector is experiencing continuous growth year after year, leading to an increase in logistical challenges, especially in the final stage of delivery. The last mile delivery phase is particularly critical due to the fragmentation of deliveries, the geographical dispersion of destinations, and the high consumer expectations in terms of speed and flexibility. The growing complexity of these operations is encouraging companies to invest more and more in innovative and sustainable solutions to improve efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of deliveries. This research aims to develop a decision-making model to help industry operators identify the most suitable last-mile delivery solution based on the specific application context. To this end, the study has identified key variables influencing the choice, such as the proximity of the goods to the delivery point, the required service level, the characteristics of the served area, and the specifications of the parcel. These factors have been integrated into a decision tree designed to guide the selection of available alternatives. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the different solutions from an economic and environmental perspective, determining the optimal option in terms of cost and emissions per parcel. Among the most promising options, cargo bikes have proven to be highly efficient in urban contexts, while drones have shown significant advantages in extra-urban areas, significantly reducing both delivery times and environmental impact. Finally, parcel lockers have demonstrated a good balance between sustainability and operational efficiency. The results confirm that there is no universal solution but rather a set of alternatives that should be selected based on the specific context. The integration of innovative technologies and sustainable delivery strategies is essential to improve companies' competitiveness and address the challenges of e-commerce. This study provides a methodological framework useful for evaluating the available solutions and integrating economic and environmental considerations into the decision-making process, promoting a more conscious and sustainable adoption of new technologies in the last-mile delivery sector.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235132