The study addresses the issue of driftwood accumulation at river bridges during flood events, focusing on bridges with a single deck and no piers, located on narrow channels. This configuration, particularly common in the densely urbanized area around Milan, is still underexplored in literature. The research leads to the development of an experimental setup and procedure suitable for studying the phenomenon, reproduced in scale in the laboratory using a hydraulic flume. Specifically, the experiments are recorded continuously using four cameras, and the relevant data are later obtained through an image processing technique applied to frames extracted from the videos. A preliminary experimental campaign consisting of 18 tests is conducted to assess the procedure and obtain initial results. The thesis explores the influence of various parameters, including the Froude number, the length of the debris, and their feed rate, on the accumulation of material and the backwater height when the bridge is partially submerged. The results show that the Froude number is the predominant factor influencing the geometry of the accumulation, with different modes of debris blockage depending on the flow characteristics. Additionally, it is found that backwater height depends both on the presence of the bridge, which obstructs the free passage of water, and on the formation of the debris accumulation when it develops in depth, because it reduces the flow section, thus increasing localized head losses. Finally, the thesis discusses possible improvements of the experimental procedure and suggests directions for future study campaigns. Future perspectives include the analysis of additional parameters, such as variations in the geometric characteristics of the bridge and the introduction of debris with branches, as well as the measurement of the force exerted by the accumulation on the deck.
L’elaborato affronta il problema dell’accumulo di detriti arborei in corrispondenza dei ponti fluviali durante gli eventi alluvionali, concentrandosi sul caso di ponte formato da solo impalcato rettangolare (senza pile) e su canale stretto, configurazione molto comune nell’area densamente urbanizzata attorno a Milano, ma ancora poco studiata in letteratura. La ricerca porta alla definizione di un set-up e di una procedura sperimentali adatti allo studio del fenomeno, riprodotto in scala in laboratorio tramite l'uso di una canaletta idraulica. In particolare, si sceglie di registrare gli esperimenti in continuo mediante quattro fotocamere, e di ricavare i dati di interesse in un secondo momento tramite un processo di elaborazione delle immagini estratte dai video. Si conduce una prima campagna sperimentale composta da 18 prove per testare la procedura e ottenere i primi risultati. La tesi esplora l'influenza di vari parametri, tra cui il numero di Froude della corrente, la lunghezza dei detriti e la loro portata di alimentazione, sull'accumulo di materiale e sul rigurgito della corrente a monte del ponte, quando quest’ultimo sia parzialmente sommerso. I risultati mostrano che il numero di Froude è il fattore predominante nell'influenzare la geometria dell'accumulo, poiché agisce proprio sulle modalità di formazione dello stesso. Inoltre, emerge come il rigurgito dipenda sia dalla presenza del ponte, che ostacola il passaggio della corrente, sia dalla formazione dell'accumulo di detriti, che, quando si sviluppa in profondità, riduce la sezione di passaggio, aumentando così le perdite di carico localizzate. Infine, la tesi discute i possibili miglioramenti della procedura sperimentale e suggerisce come proseguire nelle prossime campagne di studio. Le prospettive future includono l'analisi di parametri aggiuntivi, come la variazione delle caratteristiche geometriche del ponte e l'introduzione di detriti con ramificazioni, nonché la misurazione della forza esercitata dall'accumulo sull'impalcato.
Accumulo di detriti arborei in corrispondenza degli impalcati dei ponti
Zoni, Valentina
2023/2024
Abstract
The study addresses the issue of driftwood accumulation at river bridges during flood events, focusing on bridges with a single deck and no piers, located on narrow channels. This configuration, particularly common in the densely urbanized area around Milan, is still underexplored in literature. The research leads to the development of an experimental setup and procedure suitable for studying the phenomenon, reproduced in scale in the laboratory using a hydraulic flume. Specifically, the experiments are recorded continuously using four cameras, and the relevant data are later obtained through an image processing technique applied to frames extracted from the videos. A preliminary experimental campaign consisting of 18 tests is conducted to assess the procedure and obtain initial results. The thesis explores the influence of various parameters, including the Froude number, the length of the debris, and their feed rate, on the accumulation of material and the backwater height when the bridge is partially submerged. The results show that the Froude number is the predominant factor influencing the geometry of the accumulation, with different modes of debris blockage depending on the flow characteristics. Additionally, it is found that backwater height depends both on the presence of the bridge, which obstructs the free passage of water, and on the formation of the debris accumulation when it develops in depth, because it reduces the flow section, thus increasing localized head losses. Finally, the thesis discusses possible improvements of the experimental procedure and suggests directions for future study campaigns. Future perspectives include the analysis of additional parameters, such as variations in the geometric characteristics of the bridge and the introduction of debris with branches, as well as the measurement of the force exerted by the accumulation on the deck.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235145