Animation is an art form capable of transforming imagination into visual reality, creating worlds and characters that defy the laws of physics and perception. Its strength lies in the illusion of movement and its ability to evoke emotions, engaging in a constant dialogue with the concept of realism. However, realism in animation is not an absolute parameter but a set of “traits” that interact with pure imagination, generating a balance between perceptual fidelity and expressive freedom. This thesis seeks to go beyond illusion by analyzing the mechanisms through which animation constructs and modulates the perception of reality across three levels: visual, auditory, and narrative. The visual analysis demonstrates that realism does not depend solely on mimetic fidelity but also on graphic styles, animation techniques, and degrees of iconicity. On the auditory level, four modes of aural realism have been identified, highlighting the interconnection between sound and image. Finally, the study of narration distinguishes different approaches to storytelling and the suspension of disbelief, comparing Western and Eastern traditions. At the conclusion of this research, an analysis sheet was developed to examine realism in an animated short film, demonstrating that the strategy of reduction or caricature of the phenomenal world is not mathematically measured but perceived through the viewer’s sensitivity. In contemporary animation, realism is playing an increasingly central role due to technological advancements, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. However, hyperrealism can limit both visual and narrative expressiveness, as evidenced by the uncanny valley phenomenon and hyperrealistic remakes. It is therefore essential to question the effectiveness of realism as a primary goal: what appears innovative today may quickly become obsolete, while solid and coherent narrative design retains its ability to engage audiences over time. The thesis concludes that animation should not merely imitate reality but rather enhance stylistic and narrative freedom to create unique experiences, preserving its expressive language and artistic identity.
L’animazione è un’arte capace di trasformare l’immaginazione in realtà visiva, creando mondi e personaggi che sfidano le leggi della fisica e della percezione. La sua forza risiede nell’illusione del movimento e nella capacità di evocare emozioni, ponendosi in un dialogo costante con il concetto di realismo. Tuttavia, il realismo nell’animazione non è un parametro assoluto, ma un insieme di “tratti” che si confrontano con la pura immaginazione, generando un equilibrio tra fedeltà percettiva e libertà espressiva. Questa tesi ha cercato di andare oltre l’illusione, analizzando i meccanismi con cui l’animazione costruisce e modula la percezione del reale attraverso tre livelli: visivo, sonoro e narrativo. L’analisi visiva ha mostrato come il realismo non dipenda solo dalla fedeltà mimetica, ma anche da stili grafici, tecniche di animazione e gradi di iconicità. Sul piano sonoro, si sono individuate quattro modalità di realismo aurale, evidenziando l’interconnessione tra suono e immagine. Infine, lo studio della narrazione ha distinto diversi approcci allo storytelling e alla sospensione dell’incredulità, confrontando le tradizioni occidentali e orientali. A conclusione di questa ricerca, è stata elaborata una scheda di analisi del realismo in un corto animato, dimostrando che la strategia di riduzione o caricatura del mondo fenomenico non viene misurata matematicamente, ma percepita attraverso la sensibilità dello spettatore. Nell’animazione contemporanea, il realismo sta assumendo un ruolo sempre più centrale grazie ai progressi tecnologici, all’intelligenza artificiale e alla realtà virtuale. Tuttavia, l’iperrealismo può limitare l’espressività visiva e narrativa, come dimostrato dalla uncanny valley e dai remake iperrealistici. È quindi essenziale interrogarsi sull’efficacia del realismo come obiettivo primario: ciò che oggi appare innovativo rischia di diventare rapidamente obsoleto, mentre una progettazione narrativa solida e coerente mantiene la sua capacità di coinvolgere il pubblico nel tempo. La tesi conclude che l’animazione non deve solo imitare la realtà, ma deve valorizzare la libertà stilistica e narrativa per creare esperienze uniche ed emozionali, mantenendo il proprio linguaggio espressivo e la propria identità artistica.
Oltre la lente dell'illusione: analisi del realismo nell'animazione
Mazzola, Gaia
2023/2024
Abstract
Animation is an art form capable of transforming imagination into visual reality, creating worlds and characters that defy the laws of physics and perception. Its strength lies in the illusion of movement and its ability to evoke emotions, engaging in a constant dialogue with the concept of realism. However, realism in animation is not an absolute parameter but a set of “traits” that interact with pure imagination, generating a balance between perceptual fidelity and expressive freedom. This thesis seeks to go beyond illusion by analyzing the mechanisms through which animation constructs and modulates the perception of reality across three levels: visual, auditory, and narrative. The visual analysis demonstrates that realism does not depend solely on mimetic fidelity but also on graphic styles, animation techniques, and degrees of iconicity. On the auditory level, four modes of aural realism have been identified, highlighting the interconnection between sound and image. Finally, the study of narration distinguishes different approaches to storytelling and the suspension of disbelief, comparing Western and Eastern traditions. At the conclusion of this research, an analysis sheet was developed to examine realism in an animated short film, demonstrating that the strategy of reduction or caricature of the phenomenal world is not mathematically measured but perceived through the viewer’s sensitivity. In contemporary animation, realism is playing an increasingly central role due to technological advancements, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. However, hyperrealism can limit both visual and narrative expressiveness, as evidenced by the uncanny valley phenomenon and hyperrealistic remakes. It is therefore essential to question the effectiveness of realism as a primary goal: what appears innovative today may quickly become obsolete, while solid and coherent narrative design retains its ability to engage audiences over time. The thesis concludes that animation should not merely imitate reality but rather enhance stylistic and narrative freedom to create unique experiences, preserving its expressive language and artistic identity.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235249