The utilities sector is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the combined forces of digitalization and environmental sustainability. In response to increasing regulatory pressures and ambitious decarbonization targets, European utilities are integrating advanced digital technologies—such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and Edge Computing—into their operations to enhance efficiency and accelerate the transition to renewable energy. This thesis explores the intersection of digital transformation and sustainability in the European utilities sector, with a dual focus: (1) identifying the most innovative digitalization and sustainability initiatives implemented by European utilities, and (2) examining which innovative strategies are adopted to integrate digital solutions with sustainability goals. To address these research questions, a mixed-method approach is employed, combining a systematic literature review with an empirical analysis of 22 European utilities. The literature review provides a structured analysis of key technologies and their applications in the utilities sector, highlighting how digital tools are being leveraged to optimize resource management, improve grid efficiency, and support the integration of renewable energy. The empirical analysis builds a comprehensive database of European utilities, examining their levels of technological adoption, sustainability commitments, service evolution, and innovation strategies. Additionally, two quantitative metrics—the Digital Score and the Green Score—were developed to evaluate and position utilities within a strategic framework. Five case studies (Enel, ENGIE, Iberdrola, Acciona, and Orsted) further illustrate how leading companies are implementing innovative digital solutions to enhance sustainability and operational performance, showcasing diverse strategies for achieving competitive advantage in an evolving market. The findings reveal a highly heterogeneous sector, where some utilities effectively integrate digital transformation with sustainability, while others remain in earlier adoption phases. The positioning framework developed in this research highlights distinct strategic clusters, offering a structured perspective on the industry's evolution.
Il settore delle utility sta attraversando una trasformazione profonda, guidata dalla convergenza tra digitalizzazione e sostenibilità ambientale. In risposta alle crescenti pressioni normative e agli ambiziosi obiettivi di decarbonizzazione, le utility europee stanno integrando tecnologie digitali avanzate—come l'Internet of Things (IoT), l'Intelligenza Artificiale (AI), la Blockchain e l'Edge Computing—nelle proprie operazioni per migliorare l’efficienza e accelerare la transizione verso le energie rinnovabili. Questa tesi esplora l’intersezione tra trasformazione digitale e sostenibilità nel settore delle utility europee, con un duplice obiettivo: (1) identificare le iniziative di digitalizzazione e sostenibilità più innovative implementate dalle utility europee, e (2) comprendere quali strategie innovative stanno adottando le utility europee per integrare la digitalizzazione con gli obiettivi di sostenibilità. Per rispondere a queste domande di ricerca, è stato adottato un approccio mixed-method, che combina una revisione sistematica della letteratura con un’analisi empirica di 22 utility europee. La revisione della letteratura offre un’analisi strutturata delle tecnologie chiave e delle loro applicazioni nel settore delle utility, evidenziando come gli strumenti digitali vengano utilizzati per ottimizzare la gestione delle risorse, migliorare l’efficienza delle reti e supportare l’integrazione delle energie rinnovabili. L’analisi empirica ha portato alla costruzione di un database dettagliato sulle utility europee, esaminandone il livello di adozione tecnologica, gli impegni in sostenibilità, l’evoluzione dei servizi e le strategie di innovazione. Inoltre, sono state sviluppate due metriche quantitative—il Digital Score e il Green Score—per valutare e posizionare le utility all'interno di un quadro strategico. Cinque casi studio (Enel, ENGIE, Iberdrola, Acciona e Orsted) forniscono esempi concreti di come le principali utility stiano implementando soluzioni digitali innovative per migliorare la sostenibilità e l’efficienza operativa, adottando strategie differenziate per ottenere un vantaggio competitivo in un mercato in evoluzione. I risultati evidenziano un settore caratterizzato da una forte eterogeneità, con alcune utility che riescono a integrare efficacemente trasformazione digitale e sostenibilità, mentre altre si trovano ancora nelle fasi iniziali di adozione. Il framework di posizionamento sviluppato in questa ricerca identifica cluster strategici distinti, offrendo una prospettiva strutturata sull’evoluzione del settore.
Smart, green, and digital: the transformation of european utilities
Belcastro, Libera
2024/2025
Abstract
The utilities sector is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the combined forces of digitalization and environmental sustainability. In response to increasing regulatory pressures and ambitious decarbonization targets, European utilities are integrating advanced digital technologies—such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and Edge Computing—into their operations to enhance efficiency and accelerate the transition to renewable energy. This thesis explores the intersection of digital transformation and sustainability in the European utilities sector, with a dual focus: (1) identifying the most innovative digitalization and sustainability initiatives implemented by European utilities, and (2) examining which innovative strategies are adopted to integrate digital solutions with sustainability goals. To address these research questions, a mixed-method approach is employed, combining a systematic literature review with an empirical analysis of 22 European utilities. The literature review provides a structured analysis of key technologies and their applications in the utilities sector, highlighting how digital tools are being leveraged to optimize resource management, improve grid efficiency, and support the integration of renewable energy. The empirical analysis builds a comprehensive database of European utilities, examining their levels of technological adoption, sustainability commitments, service evolution, and innovation strategies. Additionally, two quantitative metrics—the Digital Score and the Green Score—were developed to evaluate and position utilities within a strategic framework. Five case studies (Enel, ENGIE, Iberdrola, Acciona, and Orsted) further illustrate how leading companies are implementing innovative digital solutions to enhance sustainability and operational performance, showcasing diverse strategies for achieving competitive advantage in an evolving market. The findings reveal a highly heterogeneous sector, where some utilities effectively integrate digital transformation with sustainability, while others remain in earlier adoption phases. The positioning framework developed in this research highlights distinct strategic clusters, offering a structured perspective on the industry's evolution.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235259