Manufacturing is moving away from just selling products and shifting toward offering integrated services with them. Along this transition, companies need better ways to deal with the whole costs involved by products through their life cycle, not just what is related to costs incurred in the upfront phases. This thesis looks at how Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) can help Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in these service-oriented models. Instead of focusing on engineering or purchasing costs only, TCO provides a whole lifecycle costing viewpoint, thus including the operation and maintenance and other hidden expenses that might affect both manufacturers and customers during the operational phase. This research reviews how manufacturing companies evaluate the costs for Product-Service Systems (PSS), the challenges they face, and why TCO could be a useful tool to address them. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is commonly used by OEMs; nevertheless, with the integration of services and the shift of responsibility as an effect of the increase of servitization, the issue of a proper definition of ownership related to the incurred costs into the PSS scope stands out. TCO is assumed by this thesis as a “tool” adopted to provide a broader view, helping manufacturers understand the full picture with user implications and offering even a possible sales advantage for value communication. Based on the findings of this thesis, an adaptation is presented to effectively implement TCO for PSS by OEMs. It accounts for hidden costs by applying performance analysis at system level. Hypothetical cases with information extracted from literature are used to showcase the practical utility of the methodology, helping to find the right trade-off analyses between cost, performance, and provided service. A major insight is that the best-performing product-service system is not always the smartest financial choice for the customer. Finally, to simplify complex data transferred by a PSS and make it easier to understand, visual tools are also proposed. These allows decision-makers to oversee the implications of different offers and help to build trust and strength relationships between customers and providers.
La manifattura si sta allontanando dalla semplice vendita di prodotti per orientarsi sempre più verso l’offerta di servizi integrati. Durante questa transizione, le aziende hanno bisogno di metodi più efficaci per gestire i costi complessivi legati ai prodotti lungo il loro ciclo di vita, non solo quelli sostenuti nelle fasi iniziali. Questa tesi analizza come il Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) possa supportare i Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) in questi modelli orientati ai servizi. Anziché concentrarsi esclusivamente sui costi di ingegneria o di acquisto, il TCO offre una prospettiva di costo dell’intero ciclo di vita, includendo quindi operatività, manutenzione e altre spese nascoste che potrebbero influenzare sia i produttori che i clienti durante la fase operativa. Questa ricerca esamina come le aziende manifatturiere valutano i costi nei Product-Service Systems (PSS), le sfide che affrontano e perché il TCO potrebbe essere uno strumento utile per superarle. Il Life Cycle Cost (LCC) è comunemente utilizzato dagli OEM; tuttavia, con l’integrazione dei servizi e il conseguente spostamento delle responsabilità dovuto all’aumento della servitization, emerge la necessità di una definizione adeguata della proprietà in relazione ai costi sostenuti all'interno dell’ambito PSS. In questa tesi, il TCO viene considerato come uno "strumento" adottato per fornire una visione più ampia, aiutando i produttori a comprendere il quadro generale con le implicazioni per gli utenti e offrendo persino un possibile vantaggio di vendita per la comunicazione del valore. Sulla base delle evidenze di questa tesi, viene presentata un’adattamento per implementare efficacemente il TCO nei PSS da parte degli OEM. Questo approccio considera i costi nascosti applicando un'analisi delle prestazioni a livello di sistema. Casi ipotetici con dati estratti dalla letteratura vengono utilizzati per dimostrare l’utilità pratica della metodologia, facilitando l'analisi dei compromessi tra costo, prestazioni e servizio fornito. Un'importante intuizione è che il sistema prodotto-servizio con le migliori prestazioni non è sempre la scelta finanziariamente più vantaggiosa per il cliente. Infine, per semplificare la complessità dei dati trasferiti da un PSS e renderli più comprensibili, vengono proposti strumenti visivi. Questi permettono ai decisori di valutare le implicazioni delle diverse offerte e contribuiscono a costruire fiducia e rafforzare le relazioni tra clienti e fornitori.
Performance-driven total cost of ownership for value communication of product service systems
Calvo Duran, Sergio Andres
2023/2024
Abstract
Manufacturing is moving away from just selling products and shifting toward offering integrated services with them. Along this transition, companies need better ways to deal with the whole costs involved by products through their life cycle, not just what is related to costs incurred in the upfront phases. This thesis looks at how Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) can help Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in these service-oriented models. Instead of focusing on engineering or purchasing costs only, TCO provides a whole lifecycle costing viewpoint, thus including the operation and maintenance and other hidden expenses that might affect both manufacturers and customers during the operational phase. This research reviews how manufacturing companies evaluate the costs for Product-Service Systems (PSS), the challenges they face, and why TCO could be a useful tool to address them. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is commonly used by OEMs; nevertheless, with the integration of services and the shift of responsibility as an effect of the increase of servitization, the issue of a proper definition of ownership related to the incurred costs into the PSS scope stands out. TCO is assumed by this thesis as a “tool” adopted to provide a broader view, helping manufacturers understand the full picture with user implications and offering even a possible sales advantage for value communication. Based on the findings of this thesis, an adaptation is presented to effectively implement TCO for PSS by OEMs. It accounts for hidden costs by applying performance analysis at system level. Hypothetical cases with information extracted from literature are used to showcase the practical utility of the methodology, helping to find the right trade-off analyses between cost, performance, and provided service. A major insight is that the best-performing product-service system is not always the smartest financial choice for the customer. Finally, to simplify complex data transferred by a PSS and make it easier to understand, visual tools are also proposed. These allows decision-makers to oversee the implications of different offers and help to build trust and strength relationships between customers and providers.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235737