The Energy Crisis of 2022 has inevitably raised concerns on Europe’s energy security and it led to a surge in fossil fuel consumption as a necessary alternative energy source to Russian natural gas. The revival of the Fossil Fuel industry increased bank financing to the sector, leading to scenarios that are greatly misaligned with the Paris Agreement long- term goal (2015). As fossil fuels consumption remains a hot topic in policy makers’ decarbonization agenda, banks must manage the risks associated with providing funds to the Fossil Fuel sector, while ensuring regulatory compliance with newly introduced Guidelines. The empirical analysis carried out in this Dissertation, explores the impact of loan securitization as a Risk Transfer mechanism that banks may employ to mitigate the disruptions caused by the Energy Crisis. Banks indeed, may issue loans to High Emitting industries with the sole intention of transferring them to less regulated entities like Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs): this practice would allow credit institutions to retain loan origination fees while reducing the carbon footprint of their balance sheets. A Difference-in-Differences OSL Regression has been conducted showing that European Banks use securitization to manage their exposure to Carbon-Intensive assets. The main result presented is that, after the gas supply disruption, banks highly exposed to High Emitting Industries on average issued 32.7% more Term B Loans, a specific Term Loan designed to be easily securitized.
La crisi energetica del 2022 ha inevitabilmente sollevato preoccupazioni riguardo alla sicurezza energetica dell'Europa ed ha portato a un'impennata del consumo di combustibili fossili, fonte energetica necessaria per sopperire alla mancata fornitura del gas russo. La ripresa dell'industria dei combustibili fossili ha favorito gli investimenti nel settore, portando all'aumento dei finanziamenti bancari verso queste società altamente inquinanti. Questo scenario risulta infatti fortemente disallineato rispetto agli obiettivi predisposti nell'ambito dell'Accordo di Parigi (2015). Considerando che il consumo di combustibili fossili rimane un tema centrale per il piano di transizione energetica, è fondamentale per le banche ridurre il rischio energetico registrato a bilancio, assicurando al contempo conformità con le nuove linee guida in materia ambientale. L’analisi empirica condotta in questa Dissertation esplora l'impatto della cartolarizzazione dei prestiti come meccanismo di trasferimento del rischio, impiegato dalle banche per mitigare gli effetti scaturiti dall'interruzione della fornitura di gas russo a giugno 2022. In particolare, le banche possono avere interesse a concedere prestiti a società altamente inquinanti, con l’unico scopo di trasferirne il rischio ad entità meno regolamentate, come le Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs). La regressione OLS con metodo Difference-in-Differences, eleborata, evidenza come le banche europee più esposte a settori altamente inquinanti, in media, abbiano aumentato del 32,7% l’emissione di Term B Loans, una tipologia di prestito progettata per essere facilmente cartolarizzata, e quindi facilmente trasferita.
Bank practice to reduce risk in carbon-intensive assets: an empirical analysis on collateralized loan obligations
Dugnani, Margherita
2023/2024
Abstract
The Energy Crisis of 2022 has inevitably raised concerns on Europe’s energy security and it led to a surge in fossil fuel consumption as a necessary alternative energy source to Russian natural gas. The revival of the Fossil Fuel industry increased bank financing to the sector, leading to scenarios that are greatly misaligned with the Paris Agreement long- term goal (2015). As fossil fuels consumption remains a hot topic in policy makers’ decarbonization agenda, banks must manage the risks associated with providing funds to the Fossil Fuel sector, while ensuring regulatory compliance with newly introduced Guidelines. The empirical analysis carried out in this Dissertation, explores the impact of loan securitization as a Risk Transfer mechanism that banks may employ to mitigate the disruptions caused by the Energy Crisis. Banks indeed, may issue loans to High Emitting industries with the sole intention of transferring them to less regulated entities like Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs): this practice would allow credit institutions to retain loan origination fees while reducing the carbon footprint of their balance sheets. A Difference-in-Differences OSL Regression has been conducted showing that European Banks use securitization to manage their exposure to Carbon-Intensive assets. The main result presented is that, after the gas supply disruption, banks highly exposed to High Emitting Industries on average issued 32.7% more Term B Loans, a specific Term Loan designed to be easily securitized.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Bank Practice to Reduce Risk in Carbon-Intensive Assets_An Empirical Analysis on Collateralized Loan Obligations.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235766