Perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) are a promising class of polymers characterized by thermochemical stability, biocompatibility, optical transparency and anti-fouling behavior which is attracting increasing interest in the field of microfluidics and for innovative Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) applications as a replacement for traditionally used materials like silicon wafers, glass/quartz and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This study extensively characterizes two photocurable perfluoropolyether-dimethacrylate oligomers, Fluorolink MD700 and Fluorolink 5112X, which share the same chemical structure but differ in molecular weight. This difference is reflected by mechanical properties such as Young’s Elastic Modulus (E), which has a two fold importance in these branches of applications since it represents a fundamental property for the structural integrity but also for the fouling release characteristics of the materials that depend on the peeling hydrodynamic force required to remove contaminants from their surface. Young’s Modulus was calculated by extrapolating the values of the stress vs strain curves in the linear elastic range, characterized by small deformations (<2%), which were obtained through uniaxial tensile tests. Rheological behavior of liquid resins, photoconversion’s extent and kinetics and thermomechanical properties were investigated for different formulations. Values of static and advancing-receding contact angles, the latter presented together with their hysteresis, were determined for both polar (water, diiodomethane) and non-polar (Nujol mineral oil) solvents, highlighting an omniphobic behavior. Thanks to the same experimental apparatus, surface energy, closely related to the anti-fouling behavior of the materials since its value affects the initial adhesion of contaminants, was derived. Static (droplet deposition) and dynamic (controlled flow) fouling experiments were conducted on PFPE microchannels utilizing a solution containing a fluorescent contaminant protein. As a further step forward, mechanical reinforcement of the PFPE oligomers through the addition of functionalized hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (Si NPs) was tested, together with their effect on all the previously mentioned properties, with the aim of making robust microfabricated devices that are more suitable for high-performance applications, without losing the benefits of the pure fluoropolymers.
I perfluoropolieteri (PFPE) rappresentano una promettente classe di polimeri caratterizzata da stabilità termochimica, biocompatibilità, trasparenza ottica e comportamento anti-fouling, che sta attirando un crescente interesse nel campo della microfluidica e per applicazioni innovative di Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC), come alternativa ai materiali tradizionalmente utilizzati, quali wafer di silicio, vetro/quarzo e polidimetilsilossano (PDMS). Questo studio caratterizza in modo approfondito due perfluoropolieter-dimetacrilati fotoreticolabili, Fluorolink MD700 e Fluorolink 5112X, che condividono la stessa struttura chimica ma differiscono per peso molecolare. Questa differenza si riflette nelle proprietà meccaniche come il Modulo di Young (E), che riveste una duplice importanza, poiché rappresenta una proprietà fondamentale per l'integrità strutturale, ma anche per le caratteristiche di fouling release, che dipendono dalla forza idrodinamica necessaria per rimuovere i contaminanti dalla superficie. Il Modulo di Young è stato calcolato estrapolando i valori delle curve di sforzo-deformazione nel regime elastico lineare, caratterizzato da piccole deformazioni (<2%), ottenute mediante test di trazione uniassiale. Sono stati inoltre studiati il comportamento reologico delle resine liquide, il grado e la cinetica della fotoconversione e le proprietà termo-meccaniche di diversi campioni. I valori degli angoli di contatto statici e dinamici, questi ultimi presentati insieme alla loro isteresi, sono stati misurati utilizzando sia solventi polari (acqua, diiodometano) sia non polari (Nujol), evidenziando un comportamento omnifobico. Mediante lo stesso apparato sperimentale, è stata determinata l'energia superficiale, grandezza strettamente correlata al comportamento anti-fouling dei materiali poiché il suo valore influisce sull'adesione iniziale dei contaminanti. Test di fouling statici (deposito di gocce) e dinamici (flusso controllato) sono stati condotti su microcanali utilizzando una soluzione contenente una proteina fluorescente. Infine, è stato testato il rinforzo meccanico dei due oligomeri tramite l'aggiunta di nanoparticelle di silice e valutato il loro effetto su tutte le proprietà precedentemente menzionate, con l'obiettivo di realizzare dispositivi microfabbricati più robusti e adatti ad applicazioni ad alte prestazioni, senza perdere i benefici dei fluoropolimeri puri.
Photocurable perfluoropolyethers for Lab-on-a-Chip applications
Gennari, Guido
2023/2024
Abstract
Perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) are a promising class of polymers characterized by thermochemical stability, biocompatibility, optical transparency and anti-fouling behavior which is attracting increasing interest in the field of microfluidics and for innovative Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) applications as a replacement for traditionally used materials like silicon wafers, glass/quartz and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This study extensively characterizes two photocurable perfluoropolyether-dimethacrylate oligomers, Fluorolink MD700 and Fluorolink 5112X, which share the same chemical structure but differ in molecular weight. This difference is reflected by mechanical properties such as Young’s Elastic Modulus (E), which has a two fold importance in these branches of applications since it represents a fundamental property for the structural integrity but also for the fouling release characteristics of the materials that depend on the peeling hydrodynamic force required to remove contaminants from their surface. Young’s Modulus was calculated by extrapolating the values of the stress vs strain curves in the linear elastic range, characterized by small deformations (<2%), which were obtained through uniaxial tensile tests. Rheological behavior of liquid resins, photoconversion’s extent and kinetics and thermomechanical properties were investigated for different formulations. Values of static and advancing-receding contact angles, the latter presented together with their hysteresis, were determined for both polar (water, diiodomethane) and non-polar (Nujol mineral oil) solvents, highlighting an omniphobic behavior. Thanks to the same experimental apparatus, surface energy, closely related to the anti-fouling behavior of the materials since its value affects the initial adhesion of contaminants, was derived. Static (droplet deposition) and dynamic (controlled flow) fouling experiments were conducted on PFPE microchannels utilizing a solution containing a fluorescent contaminant protein. As a further step forward, mechanical reinforcement of the PFPE oligomers through the addition of functionalized hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (Si NPs) was tested, together with their effect on all the previously mentioned properties, with the aim of making robust microfabricated devices that are more suitable for high-performance applications, without losing the benefits of the pure fluoropolymers.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2025_04_Gennari_Thesis.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Dimensione
44.8 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
44.8 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
2025_04_Gennari_Executive Summary.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Dimensione
12.85 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
12.85 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235785