The efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic systems strongly depends on good strategies in maintenance and monitoring. This document explores the importance of an integrated approach in management, highlighting how an appropriate maintenance can prevent faults, improve performance and increase financial returns for the customer during all the useful life of the plants. First a brief literature review on the operation of PV cells is carried out. Then, maintenance is described in detail, including preventive and predictive maintenance. Furthermore, the importance of monitoring systems is underlined, as they can support the maintenance operator in an automated and functional way. From a technical point of view, faults and failures of inverters and photovoltaic modules have been analyzed in detail. The project was developed thanks to Erreci, a company established in the photovoltaic market. In this activity, the potential of services offered by a recently monitoring portal called s-EM was analyzed. Finally, an analysis was conducted on a revamping project carried out by Erreci in 2022 on a PV plant originally not installed by them. First, the technical design of the initial plant was examined including modules, inverters and string configuration. Then, low performances have been identified through a monthly energy production analysis during plant’s life. All the anomalies discovered by Erreci’s maintenance team have been analyzed in detail by the means of real photos and documents. Moreover, after analyzing the revamping layout, an economic analysis was performed, considering the customer energy’s consumption and the expected energy production over a full year. The economic advantages of the revamping were highlighted, particularly due to the significant contribution of the Conto Energia tariff. This thesis has highlighted that intelligent and well-organized management, supported by advanced technologies such as real-time monitoring and machine learning, can enhance the efficiency and profitability of photovoltaic systems.
L'efficienza e l'affidabilità degli impianti fotovoltaici dipendono fortemente da strategie efficaci di manutenzione e monitoraggio. Il seguente documento analizza l'importanza di un approccio integrato alla gestione degli impianti, evidenziando come una manutenzione adeguata possa prevenire guasti e migliorare le prestazioni aumentando il ritorno economico del cliente per tutta la vita utile dell’impianto. Per prima cosa viene realizzata una breve descrizione del funzionamento della cella fotovoltaica. In seguito, vengono descritti diversi modelli di manutenzione, tra cui nel dettaglio, la manutenzione preventiva e predittiva. Inoltre, viene sottolineata l’importanza di sistemi avanzati di monitoraggio, in grado di affiancare quotidianamente l’operatore di manutenzione in maniera automatizzata e funzionale. Dal punto di vista tecnico, sono state analizzate nello specifico le principali cause di guasto di inverter e moduli fotovoltaici. Il progetto è stato sviluppato grazie al contributo di Erreci, azienda che opera nel mercato delle installazioni fotovoltaiche. Per conto dell’azienda sono state analizzate le potenzialità dei servizi offerti da un portale di monitoraggio appena acquisito: s-EM. Infine, è stata condotta un’analisi di un intervento di revamping che Erreci ha effettuato nel 2022 su un impianto non installato da loro. In primo luogo, è stato approfondito il design tecnico del progetto iniziale: i moduli, gli inverter e la configurazione delle stringhe. Successivamente, grazie ad un’analisi di produzione energetica mensile, è stato ripercorsa la vita utile dell’impianto sottolineando le basse performance riscontrate. In seguito, sono state esaminate tutte le anomalie e problematiche riscontrate dal team di manutenzione di Erreci. Inoltre, oltre ad esaminare il nuovo layout del revamping è stata realizzata un’analisi economica considerando i consumi energetici del cliente e la produzione energetica attesa durante un intero anno. Sono stati evidenziati i vantaggi economici del revamping rispetto alla situazione precedente, soprattutto grazie al significativo apporto della tariffa tuttora valida del Conto Energia. L’elaborato di tesi evidenzia che una gestione intelligente ed organizzata della manutenzione, supportata dalle nuove tecnologie avanzate quali monitoraggio in tempo reale e machine learning, rappresenta un elemento fondamentale per garantire un’adeguata efficienza e redditività degli impianti fotovoltaici.
Manutenzione e monitoraggio di un impianto fotovoltaico: caso studio di un revamping
Morini, Luca
2023/2024
Abstract
The efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic systems strongly depends on good strategies in maintenance and monitoring. This document explores the importance of an integrated approach in management, highlighting how an appropriate maintenance can prevent faults, improve performance and increase financial returns for the customer during all the useful life of the plants. First a brief literature review on the operation of PV cells is carried out. Then, maintenance is described in detail, including preventive and predictive maintenance. Furthermore, the importance of monitoring systems is underlined, as they can support the maintenance operator in an automated and functional way. From a technical point of view, faults and failures of inverters and photovoltaic modules have been analyzed in detail. The project was developed thanks to Erreci, a company established in the photovoltaic market. In this activity, the potential of services offered by a recently monitoring portal called s-EM was analyzed. Finally, an analysis was conducted on a revamping project carried out by Erreci in 2022 on a PV plant originally not installed by them. First, the technical design of the initial plant was examined including modules, inverters and string configuration. Then, low performances have been identified through a monthly energy production analysis during plant’s life. All the anomalies discovered by Erreci’s maintenance team have been analyzed in detail by the means of real photos and documents. Moreover, after analyzing the revamping layout, an economic analysis was performed, considering the customer energy’s consumption and the expected energy production over a full year. The economic advantages of the revamping were highlighted, particularly due to the significant contribution of the Conto Energia tariff. This thesis has highlighted that intelligent and well-organized management, supported by advanced technologies such as real-time monitoring and machine learning, can enhance the efficiency and profitability of photovoltaic systems.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235816