The current regulatory landscape, both at national and European level, imposes increasingly stringent directives on sustainability, putting pressure on the industrial sector and requiring a profound change in traditional economic models. The European Commission encourages the transition from a linear economic model, focused on the disposal of products at the end of their life, to a circular economy model, aimed at promoting the eco-sustainability of production processes through reuse, recycling and the reduction of the use of virgin natural resources. The composite materials sector needs a significant growth and requires a strategic update, as the main solution currently adopted for the end of life of products is disposal. In this context, this thesis focuses on the application of a circular economy model to composite materials used by the Helicopter Division of Leonardo S.p.A. The research focused on the comparison between different processes for the recovery of carbon fiber obtained from processing scraps and on the evaluation of potential reuse strategies within the company. The fiber extraction methods analyzed include pyrolysis, solvolysis and Steam-Thermolysis. The results show that Steam-Thermolysis is the most promising process for the quality of the extracted fibers. The reuse strategy involves producing secondary components through Injection Moulding, using a compound loaded with recovered fibers. As part of the project, the Pull Tab, currently manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication, was identified as pilot components. The economic convenience of the technological transition was assessed through a Business Case, which highlighted the benefits related to the change in the production process. The LCA analysis of the possible production scenarios of the Pull Tab has quantified the lower environmental impact attributable to the use of Injection Moulding with recovered fibres, compared to the technology currently used.
L’attuale panorama normativo, sia a livello Nazionale che Europeo, impone direttive sempre più stringenti in materia di sostenibilità, esercitando una forte pressione sul settore industriale e richiedendo un profondo cambiamento dei modelli economici tradizionali. La Commissione Europea incoraggia il passaggio da un modello economico lineare, incentrato sullo smaltimento dei prodotti a fine vita, a un modello di economia circolare, volto a promuovere l’eco-sostenibilità dei processi produttivi attraverso il riuso, il riciclo e la riduzione dell’uso di risorse naturali vergini. Il settore dei materiali compositi è destinato a una crescita significativa e richiede un aggiornamento strategico, poiché la principale soluzione attualmente adottata per il fine vita dei prodotti è lo smaltimento. In questo contesto, la presente tesi si concentra sull’applicazione di un modello di economia circolare ai materiali compositi utilizzati dalla Divisione Elicotteri di Leonardo S.p.A. La ricerca si è focalizzata sul confronto tra differenti processi di recupero della fibra di carbonio ottenuta dagli sfridi di lavorazione e sulla valutazione delle potenziali strategie di reimpiego all’interno dell’azienda. I metodi di estrazione delle fibre analizzati includono pirolisi, solvolisi e Vapo- Termolisi. I risultati evidenziano che la Vapo-Termolisi è il processo più promettente per la qualità delle fibre estratte. La strategia di reimpiego prevede di produrre componenti secondari tramite stampaggio a iniezione –Injection Moulding –, utilizzando un compound caricato con le fibre recuperate. Nell’ambito del progetto, la Pull Tab, attualmente realizzata tramite Fused Filament Fabrication, è stata individuata come componente pilota. La convenienza economica della transizione tecnologica è stata valutata attraverso un Business Case, che ha evidenziato i benefici legati al cambiamento del processo produttivo. L’analisi LCA dei possibili scenari di produzione della Pull Tab ha quantificato il minor impatto ambientale riferibile all’impiego dell’Injection Moulding con fibre recuperate, rispetto alla tecnologia attualmente impiegata.
Sostenibilità dei materiali compositi nell'industria aeronautica dal recupero al reimpiego delle fibre di carbonio
SANTAMBROGIO, DANIELE
2024/2025
Abstract
The current regulatory landscape, both at national and European level, imposes increasingly stringent directives on sustainability, putting pressure on the industrial sector and requiring a profound change in traditional economic models. The European Commission encourages the transition from a linear economic model, focused on the disposal of products at the end of their life, to a circular economy model, aimed at promoting the eco-sustainability of production processes through reuse, recycling and the reduction of the use of virgin natural resources. The composite materials sector needs a significant growth and requires a strategic update, as the main solution currently adopted for the end of life of products is disposal. In this context, this thesis focuses on the application of a circular economy model to composite materials used by the Helicopter Division of Leonardo S.p.A. The research focused on the comparison between different processes for the recovery of carbon fiber obtained from processing scraps and on the evaluation of potential reuse strategies within the company. The fiber extraction methods analyzed include pyrolysis, solvolysis and Steam-Thermolysis. The results show that Steam-Thermolysis is the most promising process for the quality of the extracted fibers. The reuse strategy involves producing secondary components through Injection Moulding, using a compound loaded with recovered fibers. As part of the project, the Pull Tab, currently manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication, was identified as pilot components. The economic convenience of the technological transition was assessed through a Business Case, which highlighted the benefits related to the change in the production process. The LCA analysis of the possible production scenarios of the Pull Tab has quantified the lower environmental impact attributable to the use of Injection Moulding with recovered fibres, compared to the technology currently used.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_04_Santambrogio_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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2025_04_Santambrogio_Executive Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235820