The present thesis focuses on the design and characterization of three-dimensional gelatin-based scaffolds, crosslinked with microbial transglutaminase (mTG), to replicate the morphology of the intestinal mucosa in vitro. Stereolithography (SLA) was used to fabricate resin masters with three-dimensional structures mimicking intestinal villi, from which silicone molds were obtained and subsequently employed for scaffold fabrication. To optimize scaffold stability over time and preserve the villus structure, stability tests were conducted in distilled water and DMEM, analyzing the effect of different concentrations of gelatin and mTG. Caco-2 cells were cultured on the scaffolds to evaluate adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The Alamar Blue™ assay confirmed cell viability for four weeks, while immunofluorescence analysis revealed the formation of tight junctions and the organization of a polarized monolayer. Uniform adhesion, both on the apex and at the base of the villi, further confirmed the effectiveness of the developed model. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis was performed to assess cellular differentiation toward an enterocyte-like phenotype by evaluating the expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALPI) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) over time. Overall, the obtained results indicate that the proposed three-dimensional gelatin-based scaffolds crosslinked with mTG support the growth and maturation of Caco-2 cells, representing a reliable platform for studying drug absorption, cell interactions, and intestinal diseases, with potential application as an alternative to traditional two-dimensional culture systems.
Il presente elaborato di tesi si concentra sulla progettazione e caratterizzazione di scaffold tridimensionali in gelatina, reticolati con transglutaminasi microbica (mTG), per replicare la morfologia della mucosa intestinale in vitro. La stereolitografia (SLA) è stata utilizzata per realizzare master in resina con strutture tridimensionali replicanti i villi intestinali, da cui sono stati ricavati stampi in silicone, successivamente impiegati per la fabbricazione degli scaffold. Per ottimizzare la stabilità degli scaffold nel tempo e preservare la struttura dei villi, sono stati condotti test di stabilità in acqua distillata e DMEM, analizzando l’effetto di diverse concentrazioni di gelatina e mTG. Le cellule Caco-2 sono state coltivate sugli scaffold per valutare adesione, proliferazione e differenziamento. Il saggio Alamar Blue™ ha confermato la vitalità cellulare per quattro settimane, mentre l’immunofluorescenza ha evidenziato la formazione di giunzioni strette e un'organizzazione in monolayer polarizzato. L’adesione uniforme sia sull'apice che alla base dei villi conferma l’efficacia del modello sviluppato. Inoltre, è stata condotta un’analisi di qRT-PCR per valutare il differenziamento cellulare verso un fenotipo tipico degli enterociti, valutando l'espressione della fosfatasi alcalina intestinale (ALPI) e della saccarosio-isomaltasi (SI) nel tempo. Nel complesso, i risultati ottenuti indicano che gli scaffold tridimensionali in gelatina reticolata con mTG proposti supportano la crescita e la maturazione delle cellule Caco-2, rappresentando una piattaforma valida per lo studio dell’assorbimento di farmaci, delle interazioni cellulari e delle patologie intestinali, con potenziale applicazione come alternativa ai tradizionali sistemi di coltura bidimensionali.
Sviluppo di scaffold strutturati in gelatina reticolata con mTG: un modello per la mucosa intestinale
GRANZOTTO, GIULIA
2023/2024
Abstract
The present thesis focuses on the design and characterization of three-dimensional gelatin-based scaffolds, crosslinked with microbial transglutaminase (mTG), to replicate the morphology of the intestinal mucosa in vitro. Stereolithography (SLA) was used to fabricate resin masters with three-dimensional structures mimicking intestinal villi, from which silicone molds were obtained and subsequently employed for scaffold fabrication. To optimize scaffold stability over time and preserve the villus structure, stability tests were conducted in distilled water and DMEM, analyzing the effect of different concentrations of gelatin and mTG. Caco-2 cells were cultured on the scaffolds to evaluate adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The Alamar Blue™ assay confirmed cell viability for four weeks, while immunofluorescence analysis revealed the formation of tight junctions and the organization of a polarized monolayer. Uniform adhesion, both on the apex and at the base of the villi, further confirmed the effectiveness of the developed model. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis was performed to assess cellular differentiation toward an enterocyte-like phenotype by evaluating the expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALPI) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) over time. Overall, the obtained results indicate that the proposed three-dimensional gelatin-based scaffolds crosslinked with mTG support the growth and maturation of Caco-2 cells, representing a reliable platform for studying drug absorption, cell interactions, and intestinal diseases, with potential application as an alternative to traditional two-dimensional culture systems.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_4_Granzotto_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi - Giulia Granzotto
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2025_4_Granzotto_Executive Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo Executive Summary - Giulia Granzotto
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1.1 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235849