The growing need for sustainable and efficient last-mile logistics in urban environments has led to increasing interest in alternative delivery models, particularly in the food sector, where high-frequency, time-sensitive deliveries are essential. While electric vans (EVs) are often regarded as the primary solution for low-emission urban deliveries, cargo bikes are emerging as a viable and scalable alternative, particularly for short-distance, high-frequency deliveries. This study explores the feasibility of cargo bikes for bakery distribution through a three-step methodology. First, a systematic literature review identifies existing sustainable food distribution models, highlighting the research gap concerning cargo bikes in bakery logistics and their comparison with EVs. Second, a simulation-based analysis models B2C bakery deliveries in Milan’s Area C, comparing key performance indicators (KPIs) such as delivery time, total distance traveled, cost per kilometer, and CO₂ emissions. The results show that cargo bikes significantly reduce delivery time, cut operating costs by 70%, and eliminate emissions, improving efficiency in congested urban areas. Finally, an expert interview with Urban Bike Messenger (UBM) provides industry insights, reinforcing the findings with real-world perspectives on operational challenges, regulatory barriers, and the role of infrastructure in enabling cargo bike adoption. Beyond confirming the environmental benefits of cargo bikes, this study provides empirical evidence of their economic and logistical advantages in bakery distribution. The findings suggest that their integration into urban last-mile delivery networks could enhance cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and overall logistical performance, positioning them as a key component of sustainable urban food distribution. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges certain limitations, including its reliance on simulations rather than real-world trials and its focus on a single urban area. Moreover, the use of a hypothetical bakery introduces assumptions regarding delivery routes and volumes that future research could refine through real-world case studies. Expanding the analysis to multiple cities and investigating hybrid distribution models that integrate cargo bikes with other sustainable transport solutions would further validate their potential. By demonstrating the operational and financial feasibility of cargo bikes in bakery logistics, this study aims to encourage wider adoption of this delivery model, driving a shift toward more efficient and environmentally friendly urban delivery solutions.
La crescente esigenza di una logistica dell'ultimo miglio sostenibile ed efficiente nelle aree urbane ha suscitato un crescente interesse verso modelli di consegna alternativi, soprattutto nel settore alimentare, dove la necessità di consegne frequenti e tempestive è fondamentale. Sebbene i furgoni elettrici siano spesso considerati la soluzione di riferimento per le consegne urbane a basse emissioni, le bici cargo stanno emergendo come un’alternativa concreta e scalabile, particolarmente adatta per consegne frequenti su brevi distanze. Questo studio esplora la fattibilità delle bici cargo per la distribuzione di prodotti da forno attraverso una metodologia in tre fasi. In primo luogo, una revisione sistematica della letteratura identifica i modelli di distribuzione alimentare sostenibile esistenti, evidenziando le lacune della letteratura sulle bici cargo nella logistica dei panifici e il loro confronto con i veicoli elettrici. In secondo luogo, un modello di simulazione analizza le consegne B2C di prodotti da forno nell'Area C di Milano, confrontando indicatori chiave di prestazione (KPI) come il tempo di consegna, la distanza totale percorsa, il costo per chilometro e le emissioni di CO₂. I risultati evidenziano che le bici cargo riducono significativamente i tempi di consegna, abbassano i costi operativi del 70% ed eliminano le emissioni, migliorando l'efficienza nelle aree urbane congestionate. Infine, un'intervista con il Direttore Operativo di Urban Bike Messenger (UBM) arricchisce l’analisi con prospettive reali sulle sfide operative, le barriere normative e l’importanza delle infrastrutture nel favorire l'adozione delle bici cargo. Oltre a confermare i benefici ambientali delle bici cargo, questo studio fornisce evidenze empiriche sui loro vantaggi economici e logistici nella distribuzione di prodotti da forno. I risultati indicano che la loro integrazione nelle reti di consegna urbane dell'ultimo miglio potrebbe migliorare la sostenibilità, ridurre i costi operativi e ottimizzare le prestazioni logistiche, posizionandole come una soluzione strategica per la distribuzione alimentare sostenibile. Nonostante i suoi contributi, lo studio riconosce alcune limitazioni, tra cui la dipendenza da simulazioni piuttosto che da test sul campo e il focus su un'unica area urbana. L'uso di un panificio ipotetico comporta inoltre assunzioni sui percorsi e sui volumi di consegna, che ricerche future potrebbero affinare attraverso casi di studio reali. Ampliare l'analisi a diverse città e approfondire modelli di distribuzione ibridi, che combinano le bici cargo con altre soluzioni di trasporto sostenibile, contribuirebbe a consolidare ulteriormente il loro potenziale. Dimostrando la fattibilità operativa e finanziaria delle bici cargo nella logistica dei panifici, questo studio intende promuoverne una più ampia adozione, supportando la transizione verso soluzioni di consegna urbana più efficienti ed ecologiche.
Evaluating the feasibility of cargo bikes for urban bakery distribution: a comparative analysis with electric vans
Bombelli, Cristina
2023/2024
Abstract
The growing need for sustainable and efficient last-mile logistics in urban environments has led to increasing interest in alternative delivery models, particularly in the food sector, where high-frequency, time-sensitive deliveries are essential. While electric vans (EVs) are often regarded as the primary solution for low-emission urban deliveries, cargo bikes are emerging as a viable and scalable alternative, particularly for short-distance, high-frequency deliveries. This study explores the feasibility of cargo bikes for bakery distribution through a three-step methodology. First, a systematic literature review identifies existing sustainable food distribution models, highlighting the research gap concerning cargo bikes in bakery logistics and their comparison with EVs. Second, a simulation-based analysis models B2C bakery deliveries in Milan’s Area C, comparing key performance indicators (KPIs) such as delivery time, total distance traveled, cost per kilometer, and CO₂ emissions. The results show that cargo bikes significantly reduce delivery time, cut operating costs by 70%, and eliminate emissions, improving efficiency in congested urban areas. Finally, an expert interview with Urban Bike Messenger (UBM) provides industry insights, reinforcing the findings with real-world perspectives on operational challenges, regulatory barriers, and the role of infrastructure in enabling cargo bike adoption. Beyond confirming the environmental benefits of cargo bikes, this study provides empirical evidence of their economic and logistical advantages in bakery distribution. The findings suggest that their integration into urban last-mile delivery networks could enhance cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and overall logistical performance, positioning them as a key component of sustainable urban food distribution. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges certain limitations, including its reliance on simulations rather than real-world trials and its focus on a single urban area. Moreover, the use of a hypothetical bakery introduces assumptions regarding delivery routes and volumes that future research could refine through real-world case studies. Expanding the analysis to multiple cities and investigating hybrid distribution models that integrate cargo bikes with other sustainable transport solutions would further validate their potential. By demonstrating the operational and financial feasibility of cargo bikes in bakery logistics, this study aims to encourage wider adoption of this delivery model, driving a shift toward more efficient and environmentally friendly urban delivery solutions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_04_Bombelli_Tesi.pdf
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2025_04_Bombelli_Executive summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235946