Over the past century, the role of the spectator in interactive installations has undergone a profound transformation: from an observer to co-creator, from mere user to an active participant in the design process. While art has paved the way for audience participation, design has the responsibility of structuring this engagement in an intentional and conscious manner, shaping immersive experiences in which the audience becomes an essential element. This research explores the boundary between art and design, focusing on temporary installations that do not merely occupy space but activate it through interaction. Here, the audience is no longer just a visitor passing through the artwork but an agent capable of shaping the experience, transforming the environment with their presence. If the installation is an open system, then the designer's role is to establish the conditions that allow meaningful interaction to occur. Based on these premises, the thesis investigates two key questions: 1. How can a designer "design" the spectator? 2. How can installations be conceived to welcome and guide interaction, making it an integral part of their essence? To answer these questions, the analysis develops along three key dimensions: a historical perspective, which traces the evolution of the spectator's role in contemporary art; a theoretical perspective, which explores concepts such as Umberto Eco's "open work" and Nicolas Bourriaud's relational aesthetics; and a methodological approach, which provides concrete tools for designing interaction. Two levels of engagement are identified: guided involvement, where the spectator responds to pre-designed stimuli, and co-creation, where they become, in every respect, a co-author of the work, actively contributing to its transformation. This investigation is not limited to theoretical exploration but translates into a set of design guidelines: practical instructions for creating participatory installations that balance freedom and structure, engagement and meaning. These guidelines formed the foundation for the project Fiamme Effimere, an installation that embodies the principle of co-creation through fire, a symbol of continuous transformation. Here, the audience is not merely a witness but a fundamental actor: every choice—acting, observing, transforming—alters the artwork, making interaction the pulsating core of the experience. Designing interaction, therefore, means constructing a space of possibilities where the audience can act consciously—neither constrained by rigid paths nor left adrift in an unstructured experience. The design of installations is no longer just about creating a space; it is about crafting a dynamic system that welcomes and evolves with and through the audience.
Nell’ultimo secolo, il ruolo dello spettatore nelle installazioni interattive ha subito una profonda trasformazione: da un interazione esclusivamente visiva a co-creatore, da fruitore a parte attiva del processo progettuale. Se l’arte ha aperto la strada alla partecipazione, il design ha il compito di strutturarla in modo intenzionale e consapevole, dando forma a esperienze immersive che trovano nel pubblico il loro elemento essenziale. Questa ricerca indaga il confine tra arte e design, concentrandosi su installazioni temporanee che non si limitano a occupare lo spazio, ma lo attivano attraverso l’interazione. Qui il pubblico non è più un visitatore che attraversa l’opera, ma un agente in grado di modellarne l’esperienza, trasformando l’ambiente con la propria presenza. Se l’installazione è un sistema aperto, allora il designer ha il compito di definire le condizioni affinché l’interazione possa avvenire in modo significativo. A partire da queste premesse, la tesi si interroga su due domande chiave: 1. In che modo un designer può progettare lo spettatore? 2. Come possono le installazioni essere concepite per accogliere e orientare l’interazione, rendendola parte integrante della loro essenza? Per rispondere, l’analisi si sviluppa lungo tre direttrici: una prospettiva storica, che ripercorre l’evoluzione del ruolo dello spettatore nell’arte contemporanea; una teorica, che approfondisce concetti come l’“opera aperta” di Umberto Eco e l’estetica relazionale di Nicolas Bourriaud; e una metodologica, che fornisce strumenti concreti per la progettazione dell’interazione. Si delineano così due livelli di coinvolgimento: il coinvolgimento guidato, in cui lo spettatore risponde a stimoli progettati, e la co-creazione, in cui diventa a tutti gli effetti co-autore dell’opera, contribuendo attivamente alla sua trasformazione. Questa indagine non si limita a un’esplorazione teorica, ma si traduce in un insieme di istruzioni per l’uso: linee guida progettuali per la creazione di installazioni partecipative capaci di bilanciare libertà e struttura, coinvolgimento e significato. Da queste istruzioni ha preso forma il progetto fiamme effimere, un’installazione che incarna il principio della co-creazione attraverso il fuoco, simbolo di trasformazione continua. Qui il pubblico non è un semplice testimone, ma un attore fondamentale: ogni scelta, agire, osservare, trasformare, modifica l’opera, rendendo l’interazione il cuore pulsante dell’esperienza. Progettare l’interazione significa quindi costruire uno spazio di possibilità in cui il pubblico possa agire consapevolmente, senza essere vincolato a percorsi rigidi, ma neppure abbandonato a un’esperienza priva di struttura. Il design delle installazioni non è più solo la creazione di uno spazio, ma la progettazione di un sistema dinamico, capace di accogliere e trasformarsi con e attraverso il pubblico.
Agens -: progettare lo spettatore come co-creatore e agente di trasformazione tangibile nelle installazioni temporanee
Spada, Benedetta
2023/2024
Abstract
Over the past century, the role of the spectator in interactive installations has undergone a profound transformation: from an observer to co-creator, from mere user to an active participant in the design process. While art has paved the way for audience participation, design has the responsibility of structuring this engagement in an intentional and conscious manner, shaping immersive experiences in which the audience becomes an essential element. This research explores the boundary between art and design, focusing on temporary installations that do not merely occupy space but activate it through interaction. Here, the audience is no longer just a visitor passing through the artwork but an agent capable of shaping the experience, transforming the environment with their presence. If the installation is an open system, then the designer's role is to establish the conditions that allow meaningful interaction to occur. Based on these premises, the thesis investigates two key questions: 1. How can a designer "design" the spectator? 2. How can installations be conceived to welcome and guide interaction, making it an integral part of their essence? To answer these questions, the analysis develops along three key dimensions: a historical perspective, which traces the evolution of the spectator's role in contemporary art; a theoretical perspective, which explores concepts such as Umberto Eco's "open work" and Nicolas Bourriaud's relational aesthetics; and a methodological approach, which provides concrete tools for designing interaction. Two levels of engagement are identified: guided involvement, where the spectator responds to pre-designed stimuli, and co-creation, where they become, in every respect, a co-author of the work, actively contributing to its transformation. This investigation is not limited to theoretical exploration but translates into a set of design guidelines: practical instructions for creating participatory installations that balance freedom and structure, engagement and meaning. These guidelines formed the foundation for the project Fiamme Effimere, an installation that embodies the principle of co-creation through fire, a symbol of continuous transformation. Here, the audience is not merely a witness but a fundamental actor: every choice—acting, observing, transforming—alters the artwork, making interaction the pulsating core of the experience. Designing interaction, therefore, means constructing a space of possibilities where the audience can act consciously—neither constrained by rigid paths nor left adrift in an unstructured experience. The design of installations is no longer just about creating a space; it is about crafting a dynamic system that welcomes and evolves with and through the audience.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2025_aprile_Spada.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: Book
Dimensione
35.23 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
35.23 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/235961