During the economic boom, the financialization of companies drained the industrial bourgeoisie’s energy, which had shaped Milanese Modernism through specificity and layering. Amid chaotic urban transformation, the city was called to embody its politics, promoting a process of simplification opposed to Rogers’ theories on environmental preexistences, deemed too vague for large-scale expansion. Once specificity was lost, only genericity remained. Crushed by aggressive real estate developers, Milanese professionals yielded to a new entrepreneurial class that took control of urban expansion. Among the key figures of this story—full of lights and shadows—was engineer Ligresti, who acquired strategic land and envisioned the transformation of former industrial areas into "cities within the city." Enabled by incoherent regulations and simplistic laws, this development appeared grand yet resulted in a hollow parody of ambition, where architecture became secondary to profit. The speculative capitalist model exploited every modern innovation for expansion, replacing hierarchy with accumulation and composition with mere addition. The result? A feverish construction landscape of anonymous "copy-paste towers" at the city’s edge, which, lacking a solid commercial strategy, suffered heavily from the 2000s real estate crisis. As long as the periphery remained outside public interest, the issue stayed invisible. Today, as the city expands beyond its exhausted center, what is the future of a heritage that is not one? Demolition would be a short-sighted choice, yet freezing these buildings in abandonment is equally unsustainable. Transformations are necessary—provided they establish a deep, physical, and intellectual relationship with the project and its history. This research explores the cultural roots of this content-less architecture, focusing on Modernism’s crisis and its late 20th-century legacy. The Ligresti-built heritage, a symbol of the weak modernity of the 1970s, serves as a key case study. Specifically, the analysis will focus on the seven glass towers of the former Richard Ginori factory in Forlanini, never fully operational. This urban transition highlights the potential of repurposing industrial sites into parks. Their redevelopment presents a dual challenge: making sterile functionalist spaces specific without losing their inherent genericity and reinforcing the urgency of avoiding demolition. A symbolic and provocative act, proving that even the most questionable structures deserve a second chance.
Durante il boom economico, la finanziarizzazione delle imprese erose l’energia vitale della borghesia industriale, che negli anni della ricostruzione aveva contribuito all'espressione del Modernismo milanese. In un momento di trasformazione urbana caotica, la città fu chiamata a incarnare la propria politica, sollecitando un processo di semplificazione linguistica opposto alle teorie di Rogers sulle preesistenze ambientali, ritenute troppo vaghe per un’espansione su larga scala. Deposta la specificità, rimase la genericità. Schiacciata dalle tattiche aggressive degli sviluppatori immobiliari, la professionalità milanese cedette alle pressioni di una nuova classe imprenditoriale, che prese il controllo della definizione dei nuovi territori urbani. Tra i protagonisti di questa storia di luci e ombre, spicca l’ingegnere Ligresti, artefice della trasformazione di immense ex aree industriali con la promessa di costruire città nella città. Grazie a un quadro normativo incoerente e leggi semplificate, lo sviluppo di queste aree si presentò come un’apoteosi grandiosa, ma ridotta a una parodia d’ambizione, assegnando all’architettura un ruolo marginale rispetto al profitto. Il modello speculativo capitalistico sfruttò ogni invenzione moderna per favorire l’espansione, sostituendo la gerarchia con l’accumulo e la composizione con l’addizione. Il risultato? Un teatro di cantieri febbrili e anonime “torri fotocopia” alle porte della città, che, prive di una strategia commerciale solida, subirono pesantemente la crisi immobiliare degli anni 2000. Finché la periferia restò fuori dall’interesse pubblico, il problema rimase invisibile. Oggi, con una città che si espande oltre il suo centro esausto, quale futuro per un patrimonio che tale non è? La demolizione sarebbe una scelta miope, ma il congelamento in stato di abbandono è altrettanto insostenibile. Le trasformazioni sono necessarie, purché instaurino un legame fisico e intellettuale con il progetto e la sua storia. Il lavoro indaga le radici culturali di questa architettura senza contenuti, concentrandosi sulla crisi del modernismo e sulla sua eredità nel tardo Novecento. Il patrimonio ligrestiano, espressione della modernità debole degli anni Settanta, è un caso studio emblematico. In particolare, si analizzeranno le sette torri vetrate dell’ex fabbrica Richard Ginori al Forlanini, mai entrate pienamente in funzione. Un’interessante transizione urbana che riflette le opportunità della riqualificazione industriale nei parchi. Recuperarle è una duplice sfida: rendere specifici spazi sterili senza perderne la natura generica e ribadire l’urgenza di evitare la demolizione. Un atto simbolico e provocatorio, per dimostrare che anche gli oggetti più discutibili meritano una seconda opportunità.
Specific generic : rectify weak modernity
Zamengo, Martina;D'Audino, Ludovica
2023/2024
Abstract
During the economic boom, the financialization of companies drained the industrial bourgeoisie’s energy, which had shaped Milanese Modernism through specificity and layering. Amid chaotic urban transformation, the city was called to embody its politics, promoting a process of simplification opposed to Rogers’ theories on environmental preexistences, deemed too vague for large-scale expansion. Once specificity was lost, only genericity remained. Crushed by aggressive real estate developers, Milanese professionals yielded to a new entrepreneurial class that took control of urban expansion. Among the key figures of this story—full of lights and shadows—was engineer Ligresti, who acquired strategic land and envisioned the transformation of former industrial areas into "cities within the city." Enabled by incoherent regulations and simplistic laws, this development appeared grand yet resulted in a hollow parody of ambition, where architecture became secondary to profit. The speculative capitalist model exploited every modern innovation for expansion, replacing hierarchy with accumulation and composition with mere addition. The result? A feverish construction landscape of anonymous "copy-paste towers" at the city’s edge, which, lacking a solid commercial strategy, suffered heavily from the 2000s real estate crisis. As long as the periphery remained outside public interest, the issue stayed invisible. Today, as the city expands beyond its exhausted center, what is the future of a heritage that is not one? Demolition would be a short-sighted choice, yet freezing these buildings in abandonment is equally unsustainable. Transformations are necessary—provided they establish a deep, physical, and intellectual relationship with the project and its history. This research explores the cultural roots of this content-less architecture, focusing on Modernism’s crisis and its late 20th-century legacy. The Ligresti-built heritage, a symbol of the weak modernity of the 1970s, serves as a key case study. Specifically, the analysis will focus on the seven glass towers of the former Richard Ginori factory in Forlanini, never fully operational. This urban transition highlights the potential of repurposing industrial sites into parks. Their redevelopment presents a dual challenge: making sterile functionalist spaces specific without losing their inherent genericity and reinforcing the urgency of avoiding demolition. A symbolic and provocative act, proving that even the most questionable structures deserve a second chance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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SpecificGeneric_Book.pdf
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Descrizione: Book
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81.1 MB
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81.1 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
SpecificGeneric_Tavole.pdf
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Descrizione: Tavole
Dimensione
28.66 MB
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28.66 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/236126