In recent years, the European Union’s ambitious climate targets have increasingly highlighted the urgency of accelerating the energy transition. In this context, energy communities are gaining a growing role due to their ability to synergistically promote decarbonization, local energy sharing, and improved grid flexibility. However, their success significantly depends on developing well-structured business models capable of generating environmental, social, and economic benefits. The main objective of this thesis is to study business models for energy communities in Europe, with particular attention to the impact of exogenous factors, such as the national transpositions of the European Directives RED II and IEMD and the industrial context, on key elements of their configuration. Through a systematic review of the scientific literature, an in-depth analysis of national transpositions in Flanders, Spain, and Portugal, and a study of the characteristics of the industrial context, this research identifies theoretical configurations that energy communities can adopt, assessing their applicability in specific industrial contexts. The selection of a specific configuration and the construction of the Business Model Canvas for the industrial district of Bosduin in Antwerp (Flanders) allow for an examination of how theoretical configurations translate into practice, highlighting emerging opportunities and challenges. Additionally, the development of a techno- economic model enables the assessment of an energy community's economic feasibility based on strategic choices made within its business model. The results indicate that national legislation significantly shapes business models, while the industrial context drives specific adjustments. Consequently, both regulatory factors and structural choices directly impact the economic feasibility of energy communities. In the case of Bosduin, the model demonstrates that establishing an industrial energy community is economically advantageous. Moreover, it highlights how certain business model elements directly affect profitability, identifying them as key drivers potentially generalizable to other contexts.
Negli ultimi anni, gli ambiziosi obiettivi climatici introdotti dall’Unione Europea hanno reso evidente l’urgenza di accelerare la transizione energetica. In questo contesto, le comunità energetiche stanno acquisendo un ruolo crescente grazie alla loro capacità di promuovere sinergicamente la decarbonizzazione, la condivisione locale dell’energia e il miglioramento della flessibilità della rete. Tuttavia, il loro successo dipende dallo sviluppo di business model capaci di generare benefici ambientali, sociali ed economici. L’obiettivo della tesi è lo studio dei business model per le comunità energetiche in Europa, con particolare attenzione all’impatto di fattori esogeni, quali le trasposizioni nazionali delle Direttive Europee RED II e IEMD e il contesto industriale, sugli elementi chiave della loro configurazione. Attraverso una revisione sistematica della letteratura scientifica, un’analisi delle trasposizioni nazionali in Fiandre, Spagna e Portogallo e uno studio del contesto industriale, la ricerca identifica le principali configurazioni teoriche adottabili, valutandone l’applicabilità nei rispettivi contesti. La selezione di una configurazione e la costruzione del Business Model Canvas per il distretto industriale di Bosduin ad Anversa (Fiandre) consentono di verificare come le configurazioni teoriche si traducano nella pratica, evidenziando opportunità e criticità emergenti. Inoltre, lo sviluppo di un modello tecno-economico permette di valutare la fattibilità economica di una comunità energetica sulla base delle scelte inerenti al suo business model. I risultati evidenziano come la legislazione nazionale influenzi significativamente la definizione dei business model, mentre il contesto industriale ne determini specifici adattamenti. Di conseguenza, fattori normativi e scelte strutturali incidono sulla fattibilità economica delle comunità energetiche. Nel caso di Bosduin, il modello dimostra che la creazione di una comunità energetica è economicamente vantaggiosa, ed evidenzia come alcuni elementi del business model abbiano un impatto diretto sulla profittabilità, identificandoli come driver chiave potenzialmente generalizzabili ad altri contesti.
Business models enabling industrial energy communities: the impact of National Legislation in Flanders, Spain, and Portugal
Fumagalli, Gabriele;Guidi, Matteo
2023/2024
Abstract
In recent years, the European Union’s ambitious climate targets have increasingly highlighted the urgency of accelerating the energy transition. In this context, energy communities are gaining a growing role due to their ability to synergistically promote decarbonization, local energy sharing, and improved grid flexibility. However, their success significantly depends on developing well-structured business models capable of generating environmental, social, and economic benefits. The main objective of this thesis is to study business models for energy communities in Europe, with particular attention to the impact of exogenous factors, such as the national transpositions of the European Directives RED II and IEMD and the industrial context, on key elements of their configuration. Through a systematic review of the scientific literature, an in-depth analysis of national transpositions in Flanders, Spain, and Portugal, and a study of the characteristics of the industrial context, this research identifies theoretical configurations that energy communities can adopt, assessing their applicability in specific industrial contexts. The selection of a specific configuration and the construction of the Business Model Canvas for the industrial district of Bosduin in Antwerp (Flanders) allow for an examination of how theoretical configurations translate into practice, highlighting emerging opportunities and challenges. Additionally, the development of a techno- economic model enables the assessment of an energy community's economic feasibility based on strategic choices made within its business model. The results indicate that national legislation significantly shapes business models, while the industrial context drives specific adjustments. Consequently, both regulatory factors and structural choices directly impact the economic feasibility of energy communities. In the case of Bosduin, the model demonstrates that establishing an industrial energy community is economically advantageous. Moreover, it highlights how certain business model elements directly affect profitability, identifying them as key drivers potentially generalizable to other contexts.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_04_Fumagalli_Guidi_01.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/236142