The challenges and opportunities brought by the fourth industrial revolution have led to the emergence of Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0, two interconnected paradigms that base their pillars on sustainability, social responsibility and the reintegration of workers at the heart of the production system. This new view recognises the urgent need to cope with global environmental challenges, such as climate change, resource depletion and the transition to a low-carbon economy. In this context, a crucial role is played by initiatives like the European Green Deal, which aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for the promotion of environmentally, economically and socially sustainable development. In 2024, the Italian government sought to address this need with the introduction of the Transition 5.0 Plan, a financial measure included within the PNRR and designed to support the process of “Twin Transition” of companies, integrating energy efficiency with digital transformation for the promotion of smarter and greener manufacturing processes. The plan introduces a scheme granting a benefit to companies in the form of a tax credit, based on the expenditure incurred for the investment and the energy reduction achieved. However, there is still a lack of clear understanding regarding the potential impact that this plan could have on the Italian industrial landscape. The literature review on the transformation of the manufacturing sector enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) has highlighted the emergence of new business models, where the concepts of digital servitization, cooperation in ecosystems, and platforms are driving forces. Nevertheless, some authors suggest the need for a deeper analysis of Industrial IoT adoption, differentiating between SMEs and large enterprises, while others stress the importance of examining its contribution to sustainability goals. Moreover, the lack of quantitative analysis of the environmental perspective and a missing comprehensive view of the Italian manufacturing industry, require bridging this gap. Therefore, this dissertation propose a research process based on a survey conducted on more than 160 Italian manufacturing companies, 19 interviews with firms’ representatives, and the development of a quantitative model capable of estimating the achievable reductions in CO2 emissions at the national level, based on different scenarios of participation in the Transition 5.0 Plan. Ultimately, the obtainable economic return and payback time of investing in this initiative are assessed through a theoretical case study, providing companies with concrete support for strategic decisions that balance economic and environmental objectives.
Le sfide e le opportunità generate dalla quarta rivoluzione industriale hanno dato origine all’Industria 5.0 e alla Società 5.0, due paradigmi interconnessi che gettano le loro fondamenta nei concetti di sostenibilità, responsabilità sociale e reintegrazione dei lavoratori al centro del sistema produttivo. Questa nuova prospettiva evidenzia l’urgenza di far fronte alle sfide ambientali globali, quali il cambiamento climatico, l’esaurimento delle risorse e la transizione verso un’economia a basse emissioni di CO2. In questo contesto, iniziative come il Green Deal europeo, che mira a rendere l'Europa il primo continente climaticamente neutro entro il 2050, e l'Agenda 2030 delle Nazioni Unite, che promuove lo sviluppo sostenibile sotto il profilo ambientale, economico e sociale, giocano un ruolo cruciale. Per rispondere a questa esigenza, nel 2024 il governo italiano ha introdotto il Piano Transizione 5.0, una misura finanziaria inclusa nel PNRR e volta a supportare il processo di “Twin Transition” delle imprese, integrando l'efficienza energetica con la trasformazione digitale per la promozione di processi produttivi più intelligenti e sostenibili. Il piano prevede uno schema che concede alle aziende un beneficio sotto forma di credito d'imposta, basato sulla spesa sostenuta per l’investimento e sulla riduzione energetica ottenuta. Tuttavia, l'impatto che questa iniziativa potrebbe generare sul panorama industriale italiano non è ancora noto. La revisione della letteratura sulla trasformazione del settore manifatturiero abilitata dall’Internet of Things (IoT) ha messo in luce l’emergere di nuovi modelli di business, in cui la servitizzazione digitale, la cooperazione negli ecosistemi e le piattaforme sono elementi di spinta. Nonostante ciò, alcuni autori ritengono necessaria un’analisi più approfondita sull’adozione dell’Industrial IoT, distinguendo tra PMI e grandi imprese, mentre altri sottolineano l’importanza di esaminarne il contributo al raggiungimento degli obiettivi di sostenibilità. Inoltre, la mancanza di un’analisi quantitativa dell’impatto ambientale e di una visione complessiva dell’industria manifatturiera italiana evidenziano l’urgenza di colmare questa lacuna. Pertanto, la seguente tesi presenta un processo di ricerca basato su un sondaggio su oltre 160 aziende manifatturiere italiane, 19 interviste con referenti aziendali e lo sviluppo di un modello quantitativo capace di stimare le riduzioni di emissioni di CO2 raggiungibili a livello nazionale, in base a diversi scenari di adesione al Piano Transizione 5.0. In conclusione, il potenziale profitto e il tempo di recupero dell’investimento in questa iniziativa vengono valutati attraverso un caso studio teorico, fornendo alle aziende un supporto concreto per decisioni strategiche che bilancino gli obiettivi economici e ambientali.
Internet of Things for industry 5.0: unlocking the potential behind Italy's transition 5.0 Plan
Rossetti, Lorenzo
2023/2024
Abstract
The challenges and opportunities brought by the fourth industrial revolution have led to the emergence of Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0, two interconnected paradigms that base their pillars on sustainability, social responsibility and the reintegration of workers at the heart of the production system. This new view recognises the urgent need to cope with global environmental challenges, such as climate change, resource depletion and the transition to a low-carbon economy. In this context, a crucial role is played by initiatives like the European Green Deal, which aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for the promotion of environmentally, economically and socially sustainable development. In 2024, the Italian government sought to address this need with the introduction of the Transition 5.0 Plan, a financial measure included within the PNRR and designed to support the process of “Twin Transition” of companies, integrating energy efficiency with digital transformation for the promotion of smarter and greener manufacturing processes. The plan introduces a scheme granting a benefit to companies in the form of a tax credit, based on the expenditure incurred for the investment and the energy reduction achieved. However, there is still a lack of clear understanding regarding the potential impact that this plan could have on the Italian industrial landscape. The literature review on the transformation of the manufacturing sector enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) has highlighted the emergence of new business models, where the concepts of digital servitization, cooperation in ecosystems, and platforms are driving forces. Nevertheless, some authors suggest the need for a deeper analysis of Industrial IoT adoption, differentiating between SMEs and large enterprises, while others stress the importance of examining its contribution to sustainability goals. Moreover, the lack of quantitative analysis of the environmental perspective and a missing comprehensive view of the Italian manufacturing industry, require bridging this gap. Therefore, this dissertation propose a research process based on a survey conducted on more than 160 Italian manufacturing companies, 19 interviews with firms’ representatives, and the development of a quantitative model capable of estimating the achievable reductions in CO2 emissions at the national level, based on different scenarios of participation in the Transition 5.0 Plan. Ultimately, the obtainable economic return and payback time of investing in this initiative are assessed through a theoretical case study, providing companies with concrete support for strategic decisions that balance economic and environmental objectives.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_04_Rossetti_Tesi.pdf
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2025_04_Rossetti_Executive Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/236202