Urban land policies play a crucial role in shaping economic development, housing markets and spatial efficiency, especially in high-density cities like Hong Kong. The Gross Floor Area (GFA) Concession Scheme is one such policy that aims to promote sustainable development by providing developers with additional GFA concessions in exchange for adopting green building elements. Understanding the economic and spatial impacts of GFA policies is crucial as Hong Kong faces the challenges of serious housing shortage, escalating land prices and environmental sustainability. This thesis examines the theoretical foundations and market impacts of the Gross Floor Area Concession Scheme and evaluates the impact it has had on the residential market using the Hedonic Pricing Method. This study is motivated by the fact that Hong Kong, due to its high-density residential environment, generates a large amount of carbon emissions, which is not in line with the government's pursuit of sustainable environmental development, and has prompted a demand for green building development. From a public economics perspective, this kind of policy can be viewed as a market-based intervention aimed at internalising externalities, improving resource allocation and aligning private sector incentives with social welfare objectives. However, more specific quantitative studies are needed on how exactly this policy has affected the local residential market. This thesis adopts a multi-faceted methodology that combines economic theory and empirical analysis to assess the expected impacts of the GFA policy on land rents, housing affordability and urban form. Controlling for locational, structural and economic factors, the thesis employs a hedonic pricing model to quantify the impact of GFA concessions on property prices. In addition, a comparative case study of Hong Kong's GFA policy with similar policies in other global cities provides additional insights into its relative performance. The study findings contribute to a wider discussion of urban land policy and sustainable strategies for urban development and provide policy recommendations for optimizing GFA incentives to achieve a more equitable and efficient urban housing market.
Le politiche urbanistiche svolgono un ruolo cruciale nel plasmare lo sviluppo economico, il mercato immobiliare e l'efficienza spaziale, specialmente nelle città ad alta densità come Hong Kong. Il programma di concessione della Superficie Lorda Edificabile (GFA Concession Scheme) è una di queste politiche, finalizzata a promuovere lo sviluppo sostenibile offrendo ai costruttori incentivi in termini di maggiore superficie edificabile in cambio dell'adozione di elementi di edilizia sostenibile. Comprendere gli impatti economici e spaziali delle politiche sulla GFA è fondamentale, dato che Hong Kong affronta gravi problemi di carenza abitativa, aumento dei prezzi dei terreni e sostenibilità ambientale. Questa tesi analizza i fondamenti teorici e gli impatti di mercato del programma di concessione della GFA e ne valuta l’effetto sul mercato residenziale utilizzando il metodo dei prezzi edonici. Questo studio è motivato dal fatto che l'ambiente residenziale ad alta densità di Hong Kong genera una grande quantità di emissioni di carbonio, in contrasto con l’obiettivo del governo di promuovere uno sviluppo ambientale sostenibile, stimolando così la domanda di edifici verdi. Da una prospettiva di economia pubblica, questa politica può essere considerata un intervento basato sul mercato, volto a internalizzare le esternalità, migliorare l'allocazione delle risorse e allineare gli incentivi del settore privato con gli obiettivi di benessere sociale. Tuttavia, sono necessarie analisi quantitative più specifiche per comprendere in che modo questa politica abbia effettivamente influenzato il mercato residenziale locale. Questa tesi adotta una metodologia multi-sfaccettata che combina la teoria economica e l'analisi empirica per valutare gli impatti attesi della politica GFA sui canoni di affitto del suolo, sull'accessibilità abitativa e sulla forma urbana. Controllando per fattori localizzativi, strutturali ed economici, la tesi utilizza un modello di pricing edonico per quantificare l'impatto delle concessioni GFA sui prezzi immobiliari. Inoltre, uno studio comparativo tra la politica GFA di Hong Kong e politiche simili in altre città globali fornisce ulteriori approfondimenti sulle sue prestazioni relative. I risultati dello studio contribuiscono a una discussione più ampia sulla politica urbana del suolo e sulle strategie sostenibili per lo sviluppo urbano, fornendo raccomandazioni politiche per ottimizzare gli incentivi GFA e ottenere un mercato abitativo urbano più equo ed efficiente.
Gross floor area concession scheme: an application of the hedonic pricing method in Hong Kong's residential market
Chen, Yuxin;Zhang, Xin
2024/2025
Abstract
Urban land policies play a crucial role in shaping economic development, housing markets and spatial efficiency, especially in high-density cities like Hong Kong. The Gross Floor Area (GFA) Concession Scheme is one such policy that aims to promote sustainable development by providing developers with additional GFA concessions in exchange for adopting green building elements. Understanding the economic and spatial impacts of GFA policies is crucial as Hong Kong faces the challenges of serious housing shortage, escalating land prices and environmental sustainability. This thesis examines the theoretical foundations and market impacts of the Gross Floor Area Concession Scheme and evaluates the impact it has had on the residential market using the Hedonic Pricing Method. This study is motivated by the fact that Hong Kong, due to its high-density residential environment, generates a large amount of carbon emissions, which is not in line with the government's pursuit of sustainable environmental development, and has prompted a demand for green building development. From a public economics perspective, this kind of policy can be viewed as a market-based intervention aimed at internalising externalities, improving resource allocation and aligning private sector incentives with social welfare objectives. However, more specific quantitative studies are needed on how exactly this policy has affected the local residential market. This thesis adopts a multi-faceted methodology that combines economic theory and empirical analysis to assess the expected impacts of the GFA policy on land rents, housing affordability and urban form. Controlling for locational, structural and economic factors, the thesis employs a hedonic pricing model to quantify the impact of GFA concessions on property prices. In addition, a comparative case study of Hong Kong's GFA policy with similar policies in other global cities provides additional insights into its relative performance. The study findings contribute to a wider discussion of urban land policy and sustainable strategies for urban development and provide policy recommendations for optimizing GFA incentives to achieve a more equitable and efficient urban housing market.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/236282