Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is a glycoprotein that plays a primary role in haemostasis and is implicated in angiogenesis. A deficiency in VWF causes Von Willebrand Disease (VWD), a condition characterised by the presence of vascular abnormalities due to angiodysplasia. These vascular lesions are particularly relevant in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where they represent an important clinical challenge with limited treatment options. Although VWF is known to play a role in angiogenesis, the precise mechanism remains unclear, and existing in vitro or in vivo model fail to accurately replicate the complexity of angiodysplasia, especially in the GI tract. Recent advancements in organ-on-chip technologies could offer more physiologically relevant models. On this purpose, a new vascularized gut-on-chip model was introduced in this study. Different designs were first biologically validated using Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to identify the best configuration for our purposes. Then, Caco2 and HT-29 MTX were co-cultured with HUVECs to better mimic the intestinal environment, showing that epithelial-endothelial interactions influence angiogenic network formation and stability. Moreover, to further investigate the role of VWF in angiogenesis VWF knockdown was performed in HUVECs, leading to increased angiogenesis and confirming its role as a negative regulator. Finally, Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) from VWD patients were introduced to enhance the model’s relevance to in vivo conditions. These findings provide a robust platform for studying vascular abnormalities in VWD and may contribute to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. Further research will focus on molecular interactions between epithelial and endothelial cells and the influence of mechanical stimulation on angiogenic network stability.
Il Fattore di von Willebrand (VWF) è una glicoproteina che svolge un ruolo primario nell'emostasi ed è implicata nel processo di angiogenesi. Una carenza di VWF causa la Malattia di von Willebrand (VWD), una condizione caratterizzata dalla presenza di anomalie vascolari dovute ad angiodisplasia. Queste lesioni vascolari sono particolarmente rilevanti nel tratto gastrointestinale (GI), dove rappresentano una sfida clinica significativa con opzioni terapeutiche limitate. Sebbene il ruolo del VWF nell’angiogenesi sia riconosciuto, i meccanismi alla base di questo processo restano poco chiari, e i modelli in vitro e in vivo attualmente disponibili non riescono a riprodurre in modo accurato la complessità dell’angiodisplasia, soprattutto nel tratto GI. I recenti progressi nell’ambito della tecnologia organ-on-chip potrebbero offrire modelli fisiologicamente più rilevanti. Per questo motivo, in questo studio è stato introdotto un nuovo modello di gut-on-chip vascolarizzato. Diverse configurazioni sono state inizialmente validate biologicamente utilizzando HUVECs, permettendo di identificare la più adatta al nostro obiettivo. Successivamente, le cellule Caco-2 e HT- 29 MTX sono state poste in co-coltura con HUVECs per riprodurre più fedelmente la l’ambiente intestinale, dimostrando che le interazioni tra cellule epiteliali ed endoteliali influenzano la formazione e la stabilità della struttura angiogenica. Per approfondire il ruolo del VWF nell'angiogenesi, è stata effettuata una riduzione della sua espressione nelle HUVECs, che ha portato a un aumento dell’angiogenesi, confermandone il ruolo come regolatore negativo. Infine, per migliorare la rilevanza del modello rispetto alle condizioni in vivo, sono state introdotte ECFCs derivate da pazienti con VWD. Questi risultati forniscono una piattaforma solida per lo studio delle anomalie vascolari nella VWD e potrebbero contribuire allo sviluppo di strategie terapeutiche mirate. Le ricerche future si concentreranno sulle interazioni molecolari tra cellule epiteliali ed endoteliali e sull'influenza della stimolazione meccanica sulla stabilità delle strutture angiogeniche.
Development and validation of a vascularised gut-on-chip model to investigate angiodysplasia in von Willebrand disease
Nastro, Alessia
2023/2024
Abstract
Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is a glycoprotein that plays a primary role in haemostasis and is implicated in angiogenesis. A deficiency in VWF causes Von Willebrand Disease (VWD), a condition characterised by the presence of vascular abnormalities due to angiodysplasia. These vascular lesions are particularly relevant in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where they represent an important clinical challenge with limited treatment options. Although VWF is known to play a role in angiogenesis, the precise mechanism remains unclear, and existing in vitro or in vivo model fail to accurately replicate the complexity of angiodysplasia, especially in the GI tract. Recent advancements in organ-on-chip technologies could offer more physiologically relevant models. On this purpose, a new vascularized gut-on-chip model was introduced in this study. Different designs were first biologically validated using Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to identify the best configuration for our purposes. Then, Caco2 and HT-29 MTX were co-cultured with HUVECs to better mimic the intestinal environment, showing that epithelial-endothelial interactions influence angiogenic network formation and stability. Moreover, to further investigate the role of VWF in angiogenesis VWF knockdown was performed in HUVECs, leading to increased angiogenesis and confirming its role as a negative regulator. Finally, Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) from VWD patients were introduced to enhance the model’s relevance to in vivo conditions. These findings provide a robust platform for studying vascular abnormalities in VWD and may contribute to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. Further research will focus on molecular interactions between epithelial and endothelial cells and the influence of mechanical stimulation on angiogenic network stability.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/236331