Hydrological droughts are natural hazards with significant socio-economic and environmental consequences, particularly in regions highly dependent on water resources. This study analyses the spatiotemporal evolution of the 2018–2023 South American drought and evaluates the predictive performance of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) forecasting system. Using CEMS data, the research identifies key drought propagation patterns and geographical barriers—such as the Amazon River and the Andes Mountains—which influenced the drought’s spatiotemporal evolution. To assess the accuracy of CEMS seasonal forecasts, 12 local predictions at key locations along major rivers were analysed. The findings reveal a systematic overestimation of river discharge, leading to an underestimation of drought severity, particularly in the Amazon Basin and Andean regions. These results highlight the need for improved forecasting accuracy and adaptive water management strategies, especially in regions where drought dynamics are harder to predict. Overall, this study aims to support informed decision-making and contribute to strengthening climate resilience across South America.
Le siccità idrologiche sono fenomeni naturali con significative conseguenze socio-economiche e ambientali, in particolare nelle regioni fortemente dipendenti dalle risorse idriche. Questo studio analizza l’evoluzione spazio-temporale della siccità sudamericana del 2018-2023 e valuta le capacità predittive del sistema di previsione del Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS). Utilizzando i dati CEMS, la ricerca identifica i principali schemi di propagazione della siccità e le barriere geografiche—come il bacino del Rio delle Amazzoni e la catena delle Ande—che hanno influenzato la diffusione del fenomeno. Per valutare l’accuratezza delle previsioni fornite dal CEMS, sono state analizzate 12 previsioni locali in punti strategici lungo i principali fiumi. I risultati evidenziano una sistematica sovrastima della portata, con conseguente sottostima della severità della siccità, in particolare nel Bacino Amazzonico e nelle regioni andine. Questi risultati sottolineano la necessità di migliorare l’accuratezza delle previsioni e di sviluppare strategie di gestione idrica adattive, soprattutto nelle aree in cui le dinamiche della siccità sono più difficili da prevedere. Nel complesso, questo studio mira a supportare processi decisionali informati e a contribuire al rafforzamento della resilienza climatica in Sud America.
Seasonal hydrological drought forecasts: a case study of the 2018-2023 South American drought event
Guzman Polo, Luis Enrique
2024/2025
Abstract
Hydrological droughts are natural hazards with significant socio-economic and environmental consequences, particularly in regions highly dependent on water resources. This study analyses the spatiotemporal evolution of the 2018–2023 South American drought and evaluates the predictive performance of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) forecasting system. Using CEMS data, the research identifies key drought propagation patterns and geographical barriers—such as the Amazon River and the Andes Mountains—which influenced the drought’s spatiotemporal evolution. To assess the accuracy of CEMS seasonal forecasts, 12 local predictions at key locations along major rivers were analysed. The findings reveal a systematic overestimation of river discharge, leading to an underestimation of drought severity, particularly in the Amazon Basin and Andean regions. These results highlight the need for improved forecasting accuracy and adaptive water management strategies, especially in regions where drought dynamics are harder to predict. Overall, this study aims to support informed decision-making and contribute to strengthening climate resilience across South America.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/236370