In the era of globalization and fast-paced urban transformation, contemporary architecture in the form of avant-garde structures has become a powerful tool for urban branding, representing cities on the global map. This approach gained prominence after Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, which demonstrated how ‘flagship’ architecture could drive urban regeneration and economic revitalization to transform a city’s fortunes—a phenomenon hence popularized as the “Bilbao Effect”. However, integrating such projects into historically rich urban settings poses complex challenges concerning heritage conservation, urban coherence, and socio-political dynamics, sparking critical discourse on their impact on the urban landscape and cultural identity. This thesis investigates the integration of ‘star architecture’ in heritage-sensitive urban contexts by analyzing transnational projects that have triggered debate over the years. It aims to contextualize their broader urban implications within historical and theoretical frameworks with a key focus on two prominent cases—the New Acropolis Museum in Athens by Bernard Tschumi, located adjacent to the Parthenon and UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Acropolis, and One New Change in London by Jean Nouvel, located next to St. Paul’s Cathedral. Although they received global recognition, these projects set within historic precincts revealed tensions between iconicity and contextuality while dealing with stringent regulations and public discourse, highlighting the need of balancing contemporary architecture with heritage conservation. This study adopts a comparative approach to examine the projects at various scales (city, site, and actor) to interrogate how urban policies, actor networks, and socio-political conflicts influence project outcomes. While not expressly articulated during the development phase of these projects, underlining the emerging principles of the UNESCO developed concept of Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) could be useful for this study. Thus, the comparison of these case studies aims to provide a framework to reconcile the dual attributes of globalization with local identity in historic cities.
Nell’era della globalizzazione e della rapida trasformazione urbana, l’architettura contemporanea, sotto forma di strutture avanguardistiche, è diventata un potente strumento per il branding urbano, dando alle città risalto sulla mappa globale. Questo approccio ha acquisito rilevanza dopo il Guggenheim Museum di Frank Gehry a Bilbao, che ha dimostrato come un’architettura cosiddetta flagship possa guidare la rigenerazione urbana e la rivitalizzazione economica, trasformando le sorti di una città – un fenomeno poi popolarizzato come “Effetto Bilbao”. Tuttavia, l’integrazione di tali progetti in contesti urbani di rilievo storico pone complesse sfide legate alla conservazione del patrimonio, alla coerenza urbana e alle dinamiche socio-politiche, alimentando un dibattito critico sul loro impatto sul paesaggio urbano e sull’identità culturale. Questa tesi indaga l’integrazione della star architecture in contesti urbani sensibili al patrimonio, analizzando progetti transnazionali che nel corso del tempo hanno innescato polemiche. La tesi mira a contestualizzare le loro implicazioni urbane più ampie all’interno di quadri storici e teorici, concentrandosi su due casi emblematici: il Nuovo Museo dell’Acropoli di Atene di Bernard Tschumi, situato accanto al Partenone e al Sito Patrimonio UNESCO dell’Acropoli, e il One New Change a Londra di Jean Nouvel, ubicato vicino alla Cattedrale di St. Paul. Pur ottenendo riconoscimento globale, questi progetti inseriti in aree storiche hanno rivelato tensioni tra iconicità e contestualità, affrontando normative stringenti e dibattiti pubblici e sottolineando la necessità di trovare un equilibrio tra architettura contemporanea e conservazione del patrimonio. Lo studio adotta un approccio comparativo per esaminare progetti a scale diverse (città, sito, attori), domandandosi come politiche urbane, reti di attori e conflitti socio-politici influenzino gli esiti progettuali. Per questa ricerca è stato utile sottolineare i principi emergenti del concetto di Paesaggio Urbano Storico (HUL) sviluppato dall’UNESCO, benché questo concetto non sia stato esplicitamente articolato durante la fase di sviluppo dei progetti in questione. Il confronto tra i casi studio mira quindi a fornire un quadro per conciliare gli attributi duali della globalizzazione con l’identità locale nelle città storiche.
Star architecture in heritage-sensitive contexts: the case of the New Acropolis Museum (Athens) and one new change (London)
Tousif, Syed Muhammad
2024/2025
Abstract
In the era of globalization and fast-paced urban transformation, contemporary architecture in the form of avant-garde structures has become a powerful tool for urban branding, representing cities on the global map. This approach gained prominence after Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, which demonstrated how ‘flagship’ architecture could drive urban regeneration and economic revitalization to transform a city’s fortunes—a phenomenon hence popularized as the “Bilbao Effect”. However, integrating such projects into historically rich urban settings poses complex challenges concerning heritage conservation, urban coherence, and socio-political dynamics, sparking critical discourse on their impact on the urban landscape and cultural identity. This thesis investigates the integration of ‘star architecture’ in heritage-sensitive urban contexts by analyzing transnational projects that have triggered debate over the years. It aims to contextualize their broader urban implications within historical and theoretical frameworks with a key focus on two prominent cases—the New Acropolis Museum in Athens by Bernard Tschumi, located adjacent to the Parthenon and UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Acropolis, and One New Change in London by Jean Nouvel, located next to St. Paul’s Cathedral. Although they received global recognition, these projects set within historic precincts revealed tensions between iconicity and contextuality while dealing with stringent regulations and public discourse, highlighting the need of balancing contemporary architecture with heritage conservation. This study adopts a comparative approach to examine the projects at various scales (city, site, and actor) to interrogate how urban policies, actor networks, and socio-political conflicts influence project outcomes. While not expressly articulated during the development phase of these projects, underlining the emerging principles of the UNESCO developed concept of Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) could be useful for this study. Thus, the comparison of these case studies aims to provide a framework to reconcile the dual attributes of globalization with local identity in historic cities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/236519