Recalcitrant polymers are an environmental problem that affects in many ways our everyday life. The objective of this PhD program (funded by PON programs for Innovation and Green Technologies) focused on two, main substrates of different nature and consequences: chitin, as a natural, glucose-rich, recalcitrant polymer from seafood waste industries, and PET, a plastic polymer of high environmental impact deriving from decades of global mismanagement. In this work, we identified an enzyme family for each problem: LPMOs, redox chitin depolymerases, and PETases, hydrolases active on plastic substrates. One enzyme, from each of these groups, was modified via computational methods to improve thermal stability and production yields, all through bioengineering methodologies. Moreover, green enzyme-production methods were tested, involving microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growing on waste materials to lower both economic and environmental impact. This project involved multiple in silico and in vitro techniques, in tight collaboration with various academic realities around Italy, Latvia and Portugal. Results, especially regarding PETase improvement and C. reinhardtii growth on waste media, appeared to be promising in putting strong basis for future advancements in green resolutions for the environment - proposing a greener and cheaper way to overcome waste management and valorization from many perspectives.
I polimeri recalcitranti rappresentano un problema ambientale che incide in molti modi sulla nostra vita quotidiana. L'obiettivo di questo programma di dottorato (finanziato dai programmi PON per l'Innovazione e le Tecnologie Verdi) si è concentrato su due substrati principali, di diversa natura e conseguenze: la chitina, un polimero recalcitrante naturale ricco di glucosio proveniente dagli scarti dell’industria ittica, e il PET, un polimero plastico ad alto impatto ambientale derivante da decenni di cattiva gestione a livello globale. In questo lavoro, è stata identificata una famiglia enzimatica per ciascun problema: le LPMO, depolimerasi redox della chitina, e le PETasi, idrolasi attive su substrati plastici. Un enzima di ciascun gruppo è stato modificato mediante metodi computazionali per migliorarne la stabilità termica e la resa produttiva, utilizzando metodologie di bioingegneria. Inoltre, sono stati testati metodi sostenibili di produzione enzimatica, utilizzando la microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii coltivata su materiali di scarto per ridurre sia l’impatto economico che ambientale. Il progetto ha coinvolto diverse tecniche in silico e in vitro, in stretta collaborazione con realtà accademiche in Italia, Lettonia e Portogallo. I risultati, in particolare riguardo al miglioramento della PETasi e alla crescita di C. reinhardtii su mezzi di scarto, sono apparsi promettenti nel porre solide basi per futuri sviluppi in soluzioni ecologiche per l’ambiente – proponendo un approccio più verde ed economico per affrontare la gestione e la valorizzazione dei rifiuti da molteplici prospettive.
Bioengineering solutions for recalcitrant polymers: engineering chitinase and PETase enzymes
RICCI, ANDREA
2024/2025
Abstract
Recalcitrant polymers are an environmental problem that affects in many ways our everyday life. The objective of this PhD program (funded by PON programs for Innovation and Green Technologies) focused on two, main substrates of different nature and consequences: chitin, as a natural, glucose-rich, recalcitrant polymer from seafood waste industries, and PET, a plastic polymer of high environmental impact deriving from decades of global mismanagement. In this work, we identified an enzyme family for each problem: LPMOs, redox chitin depolymerases, and PETases, hydrolases active on plastic substrates. One enzyme, from each of these groups, was modified via computational methods to improve thermal stability and production yields, all through bioengineering methodologies. Moreover, green enzyme-production methods were tested, involving microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growing on waste materials to lower both economic and environmental impact. This project involved multiple in silico and in vitro techniques, in tight collaboration with various academic realities around Italy, Latvia and Portugal. Results, especially regarding PETase improvement and C. reinhardtii growth on waste media, appeared to be promising in putting strong basis for future advancements in green resolutions for the environment - proposing a greener and cheaper way to overcome waste management and valorization from many perspectives.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/238437