The topic of this research is the transformation and reuse of abandoned and disused buildings. Given the impact of abandoned office buildings in metropolitan areas, emphasis is placed on them in response to new socio-housing needs - for different users who, for reasons of study, work, family, health... cross metropolitan areas (Canal Architecture, 2025). In contrast to abandonment and demolition, the regeneration of abandoned office buildings represents a strategic resource. To counteract future obsolescence, this thesis is in line with European policies on adaptability and disassembly in construction. The research returns the methodological process to support the functional convertibility of buildings over time. Following this objective, design strategies to make the building "reactive" are studied (Ginelli, 2021), responding to new and future needs, risks, and uncertainties, also linked to the evolution of society, the market, technologies, and regulations (Démians, 2023). The research relates in particular the following themes to the reuse of abandoned buildings: (i) the European strategies on Design for Adaptability, Durability, Disassembly; (ii) the main factors of functional convertibility and the transformation potential for different kinds of office buildings; (iii) temporary housing solutions and economic and social accessibility (to meet the needs of a plurality of users, such as workers, students, elderly people, etc.). The methodology follows a structured path, which has led to a series of intermediate results. The development of the indicators is based on literature, regulatory tools for construction sustainability, international practices, and case studies. Terminological Definition: Definition of a glossary to clarify guiding principles, starting from the concept of flexibility - in spatial, functional, and technological-constructive dimensions - and the relationship with spatial adaptability, functional convertibility, and structural reversibility. Design for indeterminacy is explored, considering the technological, constructive, functional, and regulatory aspects to predict spatial and functional transformations over time. Analysis of Abandoned Office Buildings: Restitution of design strategies and policies related to the adaptive reuse of office buildings converted into living spaces. Typological and construction characteristics of the abandoned tertiary buildings and causes of their vacancy (location, spatial equipment). Identification of tertiary building types suitable for conversion into residential spaces, with a specific focus on Milan as the research's case study. Contemporary housing framework: Temporary housing characteristics, considering the needs of diverse users (age, purpose, duration of stay, including workers, students, seniors, etc.) and the evolving real estate market. The analysis includes statistical reports on the evolution of the population; market trends in housing and the concept of “House as a Service” (which involved a simplification of rental contracts, management methods, and typological solutions adopted). Study of International Cases: Collection and critical analysis of converted tertiary buildings combining private living spaces and shared services (e.g., micro-living, student living, hotels, serviced apartments, senior living). Attention is given to adaptability, multifunctionality, and the Open Building approach (analyzing cases of new construction, to extrapolate solutions transferable to the built environment). Design of Transformability Indicators: Meta-design simulations for applying functional convertibility over time, emphasizing modularity, techno-typological flexibility, and technological-constructive (like reversibility and component disassembly). Collaboration with Stakeholders: Validation of indicators through an applied case study in collaboration with Alpina Engineering, to verify the proposed design criteria (through an internship, provided for by the PON Scholarship). In the state of the art (in literature, case studies, rating systems and building guidelines), adaptability is often applied to new construction interventions. Transformation is envisaged between two possible scenarios, separating office and residential use (see Level(s) 2.3). This thesis proposes functional convertibility indicators that promote (i) continuous multifunctionality over time (ii) in the recovery of abandoned assets, to propose solutions for (iii) renovating living (combining private spaces and shared services), integrating strategies related to (iv) decommissioning, which it strategically exploits to ensure real circularity of resources and support transformation over time. The relationship between these aspects summarizes the innovative and systematic features of the proposed work. Potential stakeholders include: (i) operators and property owners, interested in developing strategies for the reuse of unused buildings (as an alternative to demolition); (ii) public administrations, interested in finding solutions to manage empty spaces and respond to the need for temporary rentals; (iii) design studios, interested in applying European guidelines on adaptability and redevelopment; (iv) and social developers to create economic and social value, with particular attention to vulnerable subjects.
La tesi affronta la trasformazione e il riuso del patrimonio edilizio dismesso e abbandonato, con un focus sugli edifici per uffici, data la loro consistenza nelle aree metropolitane. La rigenerazione degli edifici per uffici è indagata per rispondere a nuove esigenze socio-abitative (in particolare la richiesta di temporaneità abitativa che accomuna diversi fruitori, che per motivi di studio, lavoro, familiari, salute … transitano nelle aree metropolitane) (Canal Architecture, 2025). Il patrimonio edilizio dismesso è identificato come risorsa strategica, in contrasto all’abbandono e alla demolizione. Per contrastare future obsolescenze, la tesi tratta le strategie progettuali per rendere l’edificio “reattivo” (Ginelli, 2021) nel tempo, ovvero in grado di adattarsi a nuove e future esigenze, rischi e incertezze. Per tale motivo, in linea con le politiche europee sull'adattabilità e il disassemblaggio in edilizia , la ricerca restituisce il processo metodologico per supportare la convertibilità funzionale degli edifici nel tempo, anticipando le richieste e sfide future legate all'evoluzione della società, del mercato, delle tecnologie e delle normative (Démians, 2023). Al recupero del patrimonio dismesso la ricerca relaziona le tematiche di: (i) adozione delle strategie europee su Design for Adattability, Durability, Disassembly; (ii) definizione dei fattori caratterizzanti la convertibilità funzionale e il potenziale di trasformazione di diverse tipologie di edifici terziari; (iii) studio delle soluzioni abitative temporanee, con focus su accessibilità economica, mix sociale e intergenerazionale, per rispondere alle esigenze di una pluralità di fruitori (lavoratori, studenti, senior, ecc.). L’approccio adottato si articola in fasi metodologiche, che hanno condotto ad una serie di risultati intermedi (Definizione terminologica, Caratteristiche del patrimonio dismesso, Quadro dell’abitare contemporaneo, Casi studio) che convergono nel risultato finale del lavoro: un set di indicatori per supportare la convertibilità funzionale nel tempo. Tali indicatori sono stati sviluppati a partire dalla letteratura, dagli strumenti normativi sulla sostenibilità edilizia, dallo studio di pratiche e casi studio internazionali. I principali step metodologici i risultati intermedi hanno riguardato: Definizione terminologica: costruzione di un glossario per definire i principi guida, a partire dal concetto di flessibilità - declinata in spaziale, funzionale e tecnologica - e il suo rapporto con adattabilità spaziale, convertibilità funzionale e reversibilità costruttiva. Si esplora come la progettazione debba affrontare e incorporare il cambiamento e l’indeterminatezza, considerando gli aspetti tecnologici, costruttivi, funzionali e regolamentari per prevedere trasformazioni spaziali e funzionali nel tempo. Caratteristiche del patrimonio dismesso: restituzione delle strategie progettuali e delle politiche legate all’adaptive reuse di edifici per uffici riconvertiti in spazi abitativi. Analisi delle principali caratteristiche tipologiche e costruttive degli edifici terziari dismessi e cause dello sfitto (localizzazione, dotazioni spaziali, remote working…). Identificazione delle tipologie di edifici terziari idonee alla riconversione in spazi abitativi, con focus su Milano come caso studio. Quadro dell’abitare contemporaneo: esplorazione delle esigenze abitative temporanee, fabbisogni di fruitori diversificati (lavoratori, studenti, senior, ecc.) ed evoluzione del mercato immobiliare (trend, investimenti..). L’analisi include i report statistici sull’evoluzione e spostamento della popolazione; le tendenze del mercato nell’abitare; i format emergenti di gestione degli spazi e dei servizi secondo il concetto di “House as a Service” nel mercato degli affitti (semplificazione dei contratti di affitto, modalità di gestione, soluzioni tipologiche adottate). Repertorio di casi internazionali: analisi critica di edifici terziari riconvertiti in spazi abitativi che combinano ambienti privati e servizi condivisi (come micro-living, student housing, serviced apartments, senior living). Un’attenzione particolare è rivolta agli aspetti di adattabilità, multifunzionalità, industrializzazione e all’approccio Open Building (analizzando anche casi di nuova costruzione, per estrapolare soluzioni trasferibili al recupero del patrimonio). Progettazione degli indicatori di trasformabilità: simulazioni meta-progettuali applicando la convertibilità funzionale nella riconversione degli edifici terziari dismessi. L’azione meta-progettuale applica modularità, flessibilità tecno-tipologica e soluzioni costruttive basate sulla reversibilità tecnica e sul disassemblaggio delle componenti. Collaborazione con stakeholder: Verifica degli indicatori attraverso un caso studio in collaborazione con Alpina Engineering, per validare le metriche proposte dagli indicatori (è stato svolto un tirocinio, previsto dalla PON Scholarship). Rispetto allo stato dell’arte (letteratura, casi studio, sistemi di valutazione e linee guida per gli edifici), dove l’adattabilità è spesso applicata a interventi di nuova costruzione, con la trasformazione tra due configurazioni possibili, separando la destinazione uffici da residenze (vedasi in Level(s) 2.3). La presente tesi propone indicatori per la convertibilità funzionale che promuovono (i) la multifunzionalità continua nel tempo (ii) nel recupero del patrimonio dismesso, per proporre soluzioni per (iii) rinnovare l’abitare (combinando spazi privati e servizi condivisi), integrando le strategie legate (iv) al disassemblaggio, quale leva strategica per garantire una reale circolarità delle risorse e supportare la trasformazione nel tempo. La relazione tra questi aspetti sintetizza l’aspetto innovativo e sistemico del lavoro proposto. I potenziali stakeholder includono: (i) operatori immobiliari e proprietari, interessati allo sviluppo di strategie per il riuso di edifici inutilizzati (in alternativa alla demolizione); (ii) amministrazioni pubbliche, interessate a trovare soluzioni per gestire il vacancies e rispondere al fabbisogno di locazioni temporanee; (iii) studi di progettazione, interessati all’applicazione delle linee guida europee su adattabilità e renovation; (iv) e sviluppatori sociali per creare valore economico e sociale, con focus sui soggetti vulnerabili.
Designing for indeterminacy: convertibility as a strategy : methods and indicators for the transformation and reuse of the built environment
Vignati, Giulia
2024/2025
Abstract
The topic of this research is the transformation and reuse of abandoned and disused buildings. Given the impact of abandoned office buildings in metropolitan areas, emphasis is placed on them in response to new socio-housing needs - for different users who, for reasons of study, work, family, health... cross metropolitan areas (Canal Architecture, 2025). In contrast to abandonment and demolition, the regeneration of abandoned office buildings represents a strategic resource. To counteract future obsolescence, this thesis is in line with European policies on adaptability and disassembly in construction. The research returns the methodological process to support the functional convertibility of buildings over time. Following this objective, design strategies to make the building "reactive" are studied (Ginelli, 2021), responding to new and future needs, risks, and uncertainties, also linked to the evolution of society, the market, technologies, and regulations (Démians, 2023). The research relates in particular the following themes to the reuse of abandoned buildings: (i) the European strategies on Design for Adaptability, Durability, Disassembly; (ii) the main factors of functional convertibility and the transformation potential for different kinds of office buildings; (iii) temporary housing solutions and economic and social accessibility (to meet the needs of a plurality of users, such as workers, students, elderly people, etc.). The methodology follows a structured path, which has led to a series of intermediate results. The development of the indicators is based on literature, regulatory tools for construction sustainability, international practices, and case studies. Terminological Definition: Definition of a glossary to clarify guiding principles, starting from the concept of flexibility - in spatial, functional, and technological-constructive dimensions - and the relationship with spatial adaptability, functional convertibility, and structural reversibility. Design for indeterminacy is explored, considering the technological, constructive, functional, and regulatory aspects to predict spatial and functional transformations over time. Analysis of Abandoned Office Buildings: Restitution of design strategies and policies related to the adaptive reuse of office buildings converted into living spaces. Typological and construction characteristics of the abandoned tertiary buildings and causes of their vacancy (location, spatial equipment). Identification of tertiary building types suitable for conversion into residential spaces, with a specific focus on Milan as the research's case study. Contemporary housing framework: Temporary housing characteristics, considering the needs of diverse users (age, purpose, duration of stay, including workers, students, seniors, etc.) and the evolving real estate market. The analysis includes statistical reports on the evolution of the population; market trends in housing and the concept of “House as a Service” (which involved a simplification of rental contracts, management methods, and typological solutions adopted). Study of International Cases: Collection and critical analysis of converted tertiary buildings combining private living spaces and shared services (e.g., micro-living, student living, hotels, serviced apartments, senior living). Attention is given to adaptability, multifunctionality, and the Open Building approach (analyzing cases of new construction, to extrapolate solutions transferable to the built environment). Design of Transformability Indicators: Meta-design simulations for applying functional convertibility over time, emphasizing modularity, techno-typological flexibility, and technological-constructive (like reversibility and component disassembly). Collaboration with Stakeholders: Validation of indicators through an applied case study in collaboration with Alpina Engineering, to verify the proposed design criteria (through an internship, provided for by the PON Scholarship). In the state of the art (in literature, case studies, rating systems and building guidelines), adaptability is often applied to new construction interventions. Transformation is envisaged between two possible scenarios, separating office and residential use (see Level(s) 2.3). This thesis proposes functional convertibility indicators that promote (i) continuous multifunctionality over time (ii) in the recovery of abandoned assets, to propose solutions for (iii) renovating living (combining private spaces and shared services), integrating strategies related to (iv) decommissioning, which it strategically exploits to ensure real circularity of resources and support transformation over time. The relationship between these aspects summarizes the innovative and systematic features of the proposed work. Potential stakeholders include: (i) operators and property owners, interested in developing strategies for the reuse of unused buildings (as an alternative to demolition); (ii) public administrations, interested in finding solutions to manage empty spaces and respond to the need for temporary rentals; (iii) design studios, interested in applying European guidelines on adaptability and redevelopment; (iv) and social developers to create economic and social value, with particular attention to vulnerable subjects.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025 - PHD THESIS.pdf
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Descrizione: PhD text
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40.71 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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2025 - ANNEX.pdf
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Descrizione: Annex
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4.72 MB
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4.72 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/238517