This research elaborates on the nexus between urban planning and state preservation in socialist Hungary between the consolidation of state-socialism in 1949 and the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. It proposes hereby a critical reassessment of urban policies, related heritage agencies and projects which were informed by post-war paradigms as well as by the interwar discourse. The focus is directed towards the instrument of ‘areas of heritage significance’ arising after the Hungarian revolution of 1956 and codified between 1961 and 1967. The analysis operates on two levels – national and local – introducing the city of Eger as case study. Eger is hereby chosen being among the first cities with a protected area and for its relevance as laboratory for a new modus operandi aiming at urban rehabilitation. Finally, throughout its geographic and economic position, it is seen as a telling example for the dynamics between periphery and centre under socialism. The aim is hereby to explore the relation between nationally streamlined and local planning practices as well as to identify potentially overlooked criticalities. The basis for the analyses have been specialised journals and the archive documents relating to the National Inspectorate for Monuments (O.M.F.), the Urban Scientific and Planning Institute (VÁTI) as well as local state planning offices active in Eger. As demonstrated in the work, these are part of a pervasive system of heritage planning which has deemed the walled city from the pre-Ottoman times as the central object of patrimonial acknowledgement. The given work argues that urban planning and state preservation had jointly shaped the urban built environment of Hungarian cities, and as such, have passed-down concepts, practices and built legacies. In light of the contemporary uncertainty about urban conservation in Hungary, the overarching objective is to put common narratives under scrutiny, contribute to new lines of research and offer a base for comparative research in the future.
La ricerca indaga il nesso tra pianificazione urbana e conservazione nell'Ungheria socialista, nel periodo tra il consolidamento del regime nel 1949 e la caduta della cortina di ferro nel 1989. Il lavoro propone una lettura critica delle politiche urbane, degli attori e dei progetti di pianificazione e conservazione dell’epoca che sono stati influenzati dai paradigmi del dopoguerra e dal discorso accademico del periodo precedente. L’attenzione è rivolta in particolar modo allo strumento delle ‘aree di rilevanza patrimoniale’ emerso dopo la rivoluzione ungherese del 1956 e codificato tra il 1961 e 1967. L’analisi si sviluppa su due livelli – nazionale e locale – e sceglie la città di Eger come caso studio. Eger è stata una delle prime città con un’area tutelata ed è stata un rilevante laboratorio di un nuovo modus operandi per il ricupero urbana; inoltre, per la sua posizione geografica e economica nel contesto ungherese, emerge come un caso utile per mettere sotto osservazione la relazione fra centro e periferia nel periodo socialista. L'obiettivo del lavoro è quello di esplorare il rapporto tra le pratiche di pianificazione nazionali e quelle locali, nonché di individuarne criticità ancora poco indagate. Le fonti alla base dell’analisi sono state le riviste specializzate e la documentazione archivistica legata alla Soprintendenza Nazionale per i Monumenti (O.M.F.), dell'Istituto Scientifico e di Pianificazione Urbana (VÁTI) e degli uffici locali di pianificazione statale attivi ad Eger. Questi istituti, come dimostra il lavoro, fanno parte di un sistema di pianificazione specializzata molto esteso che ha considerato la città murata dell’epoca pre-ottomana l’oggetto principale del riconoscimento patrimoniale. La tesi sostiene che la pianificazione urbana e la conservazione statale, insieme, hanno plasmato l'ambiente costruito delle città ungheresi, consolidando e tramandando concetti, pratiche e testimonianze. Alla luce delle incertezze che caratterizzano il futuro della conservazione urbana in Ungheria, il lavoro mira a costruire uno sguardo critico delle narrative esistenti, contribuire a nuove traiettorie di lavoro e delineare una base per ricerche comparative future.
The urban scale of heritage in socialist Hungary. Preservation and planning politics through the case of Eger (1949-1989)
BITTENBINDER, STEPHAN VIKTOR FRANZ
2024/2025
Abstract
This research elaborates on the nexus between urban planning and state preservation in socialist Hungary between the consolidation of state-socialism in 1949 and the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. It proposes hereby a critical reassessment of urban policies, related heritage agencies and projects which were informed by post-war paradigms as well as by the interwar discourse. The focus is directed towards the instrument of ‘areas of heritage significance’ arising after the Hungarian revolution of 1956 and codified between 1961 and 1967. The analysis operates on two levels – national and local – introducing the city of Eger as case study. Eger is hereby chosen being among the first cities with a protected area and for its relevance as laboratory for a new modus operandi aiming at urban rehabilitation. Finally, throughout its geographic and economic position, it is seen as a telling example for the dynamics between periphery and centre under socialism. The aim is hereby to explore the relation between nationally streamlined and local planning practices as well as to identify potentially overlooked criticalities. The basis for the analyses have been specialised journals and the archive documents relating to the National Inspectorate for Monuments (O.M.F.), the Urban Scientific and Planning Institute (VÁTI) as well as local state planning offices active in Eger. As demonstrated in the work, these are part of a pervasive system of heritage planning which has deemed the walled city from the pre-Ottoman times as the central object of patrimonial acknowledgement. The given work argues that urban planning and state preservation had jointly shaped the urban built environment of Hungarian cities, and as such, have passed-down concepts, practices and built legacies. In light of the contemporary uncertainty about urban conservation in Hungary, the overarching objective is to put common narratives under scrutiny, contribute to new lines of research and offer a base for comparative research in the future.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_07_Bittenbinder.pdf
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Descrizione: Doctoral Thesis – Franz Bittenbinder (2025)
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/239278