This thesis investigates how issuers’ ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) ratings correlate with corporate bond performance in the European market during the particularly turbulent period that goes from 2020 to 2024, with 2019 as a reference year. Its primary objective is to determine whether higher overall ESG scores (and each individual E, S, and G pillar) correspond to lower spreads and/or higher returns. Two annually rebalanced bond portfolios are thus constructed: an Investment Grade one, following the Bloomberg Euro Aggregate Corporate Total Return Index, and a High Yield one, following Bloomberg Pan-European High Yield Total Return Index. The analyses are conducted separately for each portfolio. Methodologically, the study first conducts descriptive comparisons within each segment between high‐ESG and low‐ESG bonds (and its pillars), divided based on the median. It then employs pooled OLS regressions with the full ESG score (and its pillars) as the dependent variable, controlling for duration, credit rating, issue size, firm size, interest coverage ratio, volatility, callable/green dummies, and year effects. We also perform robustness tests and we provide further analyses to fill other literature gaps, investigating sectors relevance and bond liquidity. Results show that, on average, higher aggregate ESG scores, and particularly stronger Environmental and Governance ratings, are associated with slightly higher spreads in the High Yield segment, while the impact in the Investment Grade segment is statistically weak. The relationship with returns is instead weak in both segments.
Questa tesi analizza come i rating ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) degli emittenti si correlino con la performance delle obbligazioni corporate nel mercato europeo durante il periodo particolarmente turbolento compreso tra il 2020 e il 2024, con il 2019 come anno di riferimento. Il suo obiettivo principale è determinare se punteggi ESG complessivi più elevati (e ciascuno dei tre pilastri E, S e G) corrispondano a spread più bassi e/o a rendimenti più alti. A tal fine sono stati costruiti due portafogli obbligazionari ribilanciati annualmente: uno Investment Grade, che replica il Bloomberg Euro Aggregate Corporate Total Return Index, e uno High Yield, che replica il Bloomberg Pan-European High Yield Total Return Index. Le analisi sono condotte separatamente per ciascun portafoglio. Dal punto di vista metodologico, lo studio conduce innanzitutto confronti descrittivi all’interno di ciascun segmento tra obbligazioni high‐ESG e low‐ESG (e i relativi pilastri), divise in base alla mediana. Successivamente applica regressioni pooled OLS con il punteggio ESG per intero (e i relativi pilastri), controllando per duration, rating creditizio, dimensione dell’emissione, dimensione dell’azienda, interest coverage ratio, volatilità, dummies callable/green ed effetti temporali. Effettuiamo inoltre test di robustezza e forniamo ulteriori analisi per colmare altre lacune nella letteratura, indagando la rilevanza dei settori e la liquidità delle obbligazioni. I risultati mostrano che, in media, punteggi ESG aggregati più elevati, e in particolare rating Ambientali e di Governance più forti, sono associati a spread leggermente più alti nel segmento High Yield, mentre l’impatto nel segmento Investment Grade risulta statisticamente debole. La relazione con i rendimenti, invece, è debole in entrambi i segmenti.
Does ESG hold during storms? Evidence from bond spreads and returns in 2020-2024 Turmoil
Setta, Matteo Vittorio;Lanzillo, Susanne Maria Laura
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis investigates how issuers’ ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) ratings correlate with corporate bond performance in the European market during the particularly turbulent period that goes from 2020 to 2024, with 2019 as a reference year. Its primary objective is to determine whether higher overall ESG scores (and each individual E, S, and G pillar) correspond to lower spreads and/or higher returns. Two annually rebalanced bond portfolios are thus constructed: an Investment Grade one, following the Bloomberg Euro Aggregate Corporate Total Return Index, and a High Yield one, following Bloomberg Pan-European High Yield Total Return Index. The analyses are conducted separately for each portfolio. Methodologically, the study first conducts descriptive comparisons within each segment between high‐ESG and low‐ESG bonds (and its pillars), divided based on the median. It then employs pooled OLS regressions with the full ESG score (and its pillars) as the dependent variable, controlling for duration, credit rating, issue size, firm size, interest coverage ratio, volatility, callable/green dummies, and year effects. We also perform robustness tests and we provide further analyses to fill other literature gaps, investigating sectors relevance and bond liquidity. Results show that, on average, higher aggregate ESG scores, and particularly stronger Environmental and Governance ratings, are associated with slightly higher spreads in the High Yield segment, while the impact in the Investment Grade segment is statistically weak. The relationship with returns is instead weak in both segments.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_07_Lanzillo_Setta_Tesi.pdf
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2025_07_Lanzillo_Setta_Executive_Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/239810