This thesis analyses the potential impacts of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on future transport systems, focusing on the technological foundations, operational models and implications of their integration into urban and mobility planning. Motivated by the increasing deployment of autonomous driving technologies and the absence of a unified evaluation framework, the research combines a technical analysis, an international review of real AV projects and a qualitative assessment of direct and indirect impacts along social, environmental, economic and regulatory dimensions. The study identifies and compares different models of AV deployment, including autonomous mobility on demand (AMoD), private AVs and autonomous public transport, and assesses their relevance in various urban contexts. The comparative analysis highlights strong regional differences: in the US, private and ride-hailing models dominate, in China development is driven by centralized governance and digital infrastructure, while in Europe experimentation is more oriented towards integration with public transport and Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) models, with a focus on inclusiveness and sustainability. The research points out that simply replacing conventional vehicles with private AVs would not bring significant benefits and could even exacerbate existing problems such as congestion and emissions. In contrast, shared models such as autonomous car-pooling, although still little explored, offer high potential. To maximize the benefits, several operational models need to be integrated by leveraging on their complementarities. The transition represents an opportunity to rethink mobility in a people-centered way, moving towards vehicle consumption rather than ownership. Urban transport systems will be able to count on new ways to expand their offer and operational efficiency, if their planning considers the potential integration of AVs. Future developments will have to confirm these hypotheses through modelling and simulation of different urban scenarios and degrees of penetration and integration, evaluating their effects on key indicators such as traffic, emissions, accessibility and modal choices.
Questa tesi analizza i potenziali impatti dei veicoli autonomi (AV) sui futuri sistemi di trasporto, concentrandosi sulle loro basi tecnologiche, sui modelli operativi e sulle implicazioni della loro integrazione nella pianificazione urbana e della mobilità. Motivata dalla crescente diffusione delle tecnologie di guida autonoma e dall’assenza di un quadro di valutazione unificato, la ricerca combina un’analisi tecnica, una rassegna internazionale di progetti di mobilità autonoma reali e una valutazione qualitativa degli impatti diretti e indiretti lungo dimensioni sociali, ambientali, economiche e normative. Lo studio identifica e confronta diversi modelli di diffusione degli AV, tra cui mobilità autonoma su richiesta (AMoD), veicoli autonomi privati e trasporto pubblico autonomo, valutandone la rilevanza in vari contesti urbani. L’analisi comparativa evidenzia forti differenze regionali: negli Stati Uniti dominano modelli privati e di ride-hailing, in Cina lo sviluppo è guidato da governance centralizzata e infrastrutture digitali, mentre in Europa la sperimentazione è più orientata all’integrazione con il trasporto pubblico e i modelli MaaS, con attenzione a inclusività e sostenibilità. La ricerca sottolinea come la semplice sostituzione dei veicoli convenzionali con AV privati non porterebbe benefici significativi, e potrebbe persino aggravare problemi esistenti come congestione ed emissioni. Al contrario, modelli condivisi come il carpooling autonomo, sebbene ancora poco esplorati, offrono potenzialità elevate. Per massimizzare i benefici, è necessario integrare più modelli operativi sfruttandone le complementarità. La transizione rappresenta un’occasione per ripensare la mobilità in chiave centrata sulle persone, orientandosi verso il consumo del veicolo piuttosto che il possesso. I sistemi di trasporto urbano potranno contare su nuovi modi di ampliare la propria offerta ed efficienza operativa, se la loro pianificazione verrà ripensata in modo da tenere in conto le potenzialità di un’integrazione con AV. Futuri sviluppi dovranno confermare queste ipotesi attraverso la modellazione e simulazione di diversi scenari urbani e livelli di penetrazione e integrazione, valutandone gli effetti su indicatori chiave come traffico, emissioni, accessibilità e scelte modali.
Autonomous vehicles and the future of mobility: implications for transport systems planning
Di Felice, Andrea
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis analyses the potential impacts of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on future transport systems, focusing on the technological foundations, operational models and implications of their integration into urban and mobility planning. Motivated by the increasing deployment of autonomous driving technologies and the absence of a unified evaluation framework, the research combines a technical analysis, an international review of real AV projects and a qualitative assessment of direct and indirect impacts along social, environmental, economic and regulatory dimensions. The study identifies and compares different models of AV deployment, including autonomous mobility on demand (AMoD), private AVs and autonomous public transport, and assesses their relevance in various urban contexts. The comparative analysis highlights strong regional differences: in the US, private and ride-hailing models dominate, in China development is driven by centralized governance and digital infrastructure, while in Europe experimentation is more oriented towards integration with public transport and Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) models, with a focus on inclusiveness and sustainability. The research points out that simply replacing conventional vehicles with private AVs would not bring significant benefits and could even exacerbate existing problems such as congestion and emissions. In contrast, shared models such as autonomous car-pooling, although still little explored, offer high potential. To maximize the benefits, several operational models need to be integrated by leveraging on their complementarities. The transition represents an opportunity to rethink mobility in a people-centered way, moving towards vehicle consumption rather than ownership. Urban transport systems will be able to count on new ways to expand their offer and operational efficiency, if their planning considers the potential integration of AVs. Future developments will have to confirm these hypotheses through modelling and simulation of different urban scenarios and degrees of penetration and integration, evaluating their effects on key indicators such as traffic, emissions, accessibility and modal choices.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/239831