Energy transition is changing worldwide power systems due to an increasing integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles and electric storage systems, thus exposing the electric grid to new challenges. Wind power plants and photovoltaic panels are unpredictable production sources that need to be combined to traditional generation units to fulfil the increasing electrification demand. Transmission System Operators, TSOs, have to monitor the electric power system ensuring their secure operation and choosing the appropriate actions to prevent issues caused by the new elements of the systems. This project of thesis aims to find a way to study the state of the grid providing clear signals to the operators so that they can intervene on time to keep the system reliable. The system to be reliable needs to guarantee adequacy and, more importantly, security. To fulfil the requirement of an adequate system able to satisfy the demands, forecasting planning is necessary. On the other hand, security must be assessed continuously and in real time so that both static and dynamic stability are controlled. Considering the rapid integration of renewables, that are variable sources, the delay introduced by traditional simulation methods used to evaluate the state of the system, which rely on the outputs of state estimators, could be not adequate to estimate power system stability. This project of thesis exploits the algorithm developed in [1], which presents a new method to rapidly assess power system stability with the data acquired by Phasor Measurement Units, PMUs, through Wide Area Measurement Systems, WAMS, to study the stability of a sample grid, the Irland grid, when subjected to different production scenarios. The final aim is to show that, when the production of renewables (in this case, wind power turbines) is increased the state of the grid gets worsen. In the end this goal is not obtained due to the structure of the network chosen, however, the results extracted from the analysis confirm the accuracy of the exploited method.
La transizione energetica sta cambiando i sistemi elettrici a livello mondiale per via della crescente integrazione delle risorse di energia rinnovabile, dei veicoli elettrici e dei sistemi di accumulo dell’energia elettrica, sottoponendo la rete a nuove sfide. Impianti eolici e pannelli fotovoltaici sono fonti di produzione non programmabili che devono essere accostate a gruppi di generazione tradizionali per soddisfare la crescente domanda di elettrificazione. I Transmission System Operators, TSOs, devono monitorare i sistemi elettrici assicurandone il corretto e sicuro funzionamento e scegliendo le azioni più appropriate per prevenire i problemi causati dai nuovi elementi che ne fanno parte. Questo progetto di tesi si propone di trovare un modo per studiare lo stato della rete, fornendo segnali chiari agli operatori cosicché possano intervenire in tempo per mantenere il sistema affidabile. Il sistema per essere affidabile deve garantire adeguatezza e, soprattutto, sicurezza. Per soddisfare i requisiti di un sistema adeguato, in grado di far fronte alla domanda, è necessaria la pianificazione della previsione. Dall’altra parte, la sicurezza deve essere stimata continuamente e in real-time, cosicché sia la stabilità statica che quella dinamica siano sotto controllo. Considerando la rapida integrazione di fonti rinnovabili, che sono risorse variabili, il ritardo introdotto dai metodi tradizionali di simulazione usati per valutare lo stato del sistema, che si basano sui risultati degli stimatori di stato, potrebbero essere non adeguati a valutare la stabilità del sistema elettrico. Questo progetto di tesi sfrutta l’algoritmo sviluppato in [1], che presenta un nuovo metodo per valutare rapidamente la stabilità del sistema elettrico con i dati ricavati dalle Phasor Measurement Units, PMU, attraverso i Wide Area Measurement Systems, WAMS, per studiare la stabilità di una rete di esempio, la rete irlandese, quando questa è soggetta a diversi scenari di produzione. Lo scopo finale è quello di mostrare che, quando la produzione da fonti rinnovabili (in questo caso, turbine eoliche) aumenta, lo stato della rete peggiora. Alla fine, questo obiettivo non viene raggiunto per via della struttura della rete scelta, ma, nonostante questo, i risultati ricavati dall’analisi svolta confermano l’accuratezza del metodo utilizzato.
Global power system dynamic stability assessment through stability indicators
Vassiliou, Olga
2024/2025
Abstract
Energy transition is changing worldwide power systems due to an increasing integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles and electric storage systems, thus exposing the electric grid to new challenges. Wind power plants and photovoltaic panels are unpredictable production sources that need to be combined to traditional generation units to fulfil the increasing electrification demand. Transmission System Operators, TSOs, have to monitor the electric power system ensuring their secure operation and choosing the appropriate actions to prevent issues caused by the new elements of the systems. This project of thesis aims to find a way to study the state of the grid providing clear signals to the operators so that they can intervene on time to keep the system reliable. The system to be reliable needs to guarantee adequacy and, more importantly, security. To fulfil the requirement of an adequate system able to satisfy the demands, forecasting planning is necessary. On the other hand, security must be assessed continuously and in real time so that both static and dynamic stability are controlled. Considering the rapid integration of renewables, that are variable sources, the delay introduced by traditional simulation methods used to evaluate the state of the system, which rely on the outputs of state estimators, could be not adequate to estimate power system stability. This project of thesis exploits the algorithm developed in [1], which presents a new method to rapidly assess power system stability with the data acquired by Phasor Measurement Units, PMUs, through Wide Area Measurement Systems, WAMS, to study the stability of a sample grid, the Irland grid, when subjected to different production scenarios. The final aim is to show that, when the production of renewables (in this case, wind power turbines) is increased the state of the grid gets worsen. In the end this goal is not obtained due to the structure of the network chosen, however, the results extracted from the analysis confirm the accuracy of the exploited method.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_07_Vassiliou_ExecutiveSummary_02.pdf
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2025_07_Vassiliou_Tesi_01.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/239935