The heart of an helicopter lies inside its Transmission System, responsible for transmitting the engine power to the rotors. Due to its critical role, several solutions were designed to improve its performance and reliability, including the application of Chemically-Assisted Isotropic Superfinishing, developed under the name of ISF ® by REM Surface Engineering. This surface finishing process creates a peculiar micro-texture on the teeth surfaces, leading to improved no-oil performance, a reduction of noise level and enhanced wear resistance in the Transmission. The theoretical understanding and the continuous improvement of the process are of strategic interest for Leonardo Helicopters Division, which has developed in-house expertise in the process over years. A six-month investigation in the Transmission Centre of Excellence Manufacturing Plant of Cascina Costa (Varese, Italy) led to a characterization of ISF-induced defects, defining out-of-tolerance geometrical features, roughness and ISF-induced corrosion. Tooth thickness deviations and corrosion were the most frequent defects in 2024. A Root Cause Analysis, based on 4M and 5W1H Methodologies, indicated that a method or human error, depending on the specific case, led to the defect. A PDCA Approach will be further applied to implement the proposed corrective actions. Furthermore, the behavior of the process on AISI 9310 steel cylindrical bars was assessed to provide a theoretical foundation. As a result, the rubbing action, reflected by the surface roughness variation and by stock removal, exhibited a saturation effect both with decreasing initial roughness and increasing duration of the etching phase. The first relationship was modeled using a logarithmic regression, whose coefficients will be in future tuned to describe the same behavior on gears. In conclusion, initial roughness and the geometry of the component were verified to be the key factors influencing the process outcomes. Based on this, it will be possible to optimize the process by tailoring requirements and work parameters to the specific treated component.
Il cuore di un elicottero risiede nel suo Sistema di Trasmissione, responsabile del flusso di potenza dai motori ai rotori. Dato il suo ruolo critico, numerose soluzioni sono state progettate per il miglioramento delle sue performance ed affidabilità, quali ad esempio l’applicazione di Superfinitura Isotropica Chimicamente Assistita, sviluppato con il nome di ISF ® da REM Surface Engineering. Il processo genera una particolare micro-texture sulle superfici dei denti, risultando in performance no-oil migliorate, una riduzione del livello di rumore e aumentata resistenza all’usura nella Trasmissione. La comprensione teorica e il miglioramento continuo del processo sono di interesse strategico per Leonardo Divisione Elicotteri, che negli anni ha sviluppato una profonda esperienza. Uno studio di sei mesi nel sito produttivo del Centro di Eccellenza Trasmissioni di Cascina Costa (Varese, Italia) ha contribuito ad una caratterizzazione dei difetti, suddividendoli in geometrie e rugosità fuori tolleranza e corrosione. Deviazioni di spessore dente e corrosione sono stati i difetti più frequenti nel 2024. Una Root Cause Analysis, basata sugli strumenti 4M e 5W1H, ha indicato che, a seconda dello specifico caso, la fonte del difetto risiede in un problema di metodo o in un errore umano. Con un approccio PDCA le azioni correttive proposte verranno implementate all’interno del sito produttivo. In aggiunta, il comportamento del processo su acciaio AISI 9310 è stato valutato per stabilire un fondamento teorico. Come risultato, l’azione meccanica degli inserti solidi, riflessa in una riduzione di rugosità e asportazione di materiale, ha mostrato una saturazione per rugosità iniziali decrescenti e durate di attacco chimico crescenti. La prima relazione è stata modellata con una regressione logaritmica, i cui coefficienti saranno calibrati per tenere conto delle differenze geometriche tra i provini utilizzati e gli ingranaggi. In conclusione, i fattori chiave che influenzano i risultati finali sono la rugosità iniziale e la geometria del componente. Sulla base di tale osservazione, sarà possibile ottimizzare il processo adeguando i parametri e le specifiche di disegno per la singola parte da trattare.
Chemically-assisted isotropic superfinishing of helicopter transmission gears - process assessment and defects characterization
Gorni, Mirca
2024/2025
Abstract
The heart of an helicopter lies inside its Transmission System, responsible for transmitting the engine power to the rotors. Due to its critical role, several solutions were designed to improve its performance and reliability, including the application of Chemically-Assisted Isotropic Superfinishing, developed under the name of ISF ® by REM Surface Engineering. This surface finishing process creates a peculiar micro-texture on the teeth surfaces, leading to improved no-oil performance, a reduction of noise level and enhanced wear resistance in the Transmission. The theoretical understanding and the continuous improvement of the process are of strategic interest for Leonardo Helicopters Division, which has developed in-house expertise in the process over years. A six-month investigation in the Transmission Centre of Excellence Manufacturing Plant of Cascina Costa (Varese, Italy) led to a characterization of ISF-induced defects, defining out-of-tolerance geometrical features, roughness and ISF-induced corrosion. Tooth thickness deviations and corrosion were the most frequent defects in 2024. A Root Cause Analysis, based on 4M and 5W1H Methodologies, indicated that a method or human error, depending on the specific case, led to the defect. A PDCA Approach will be further applied to implement the proposed corrective actions. Furthermore, the behavior of the process on AISI 9310 steel cylindrical bars was assessed to provide a theoretical foundation. As a result, the rubbing action, reflected by the surface roughness variation and by stock removal, exhibited a saturation effect both with decreasing initial roughness and increasing duration of the etching phase. The first relationship was modeled using a logarithmic regression, whose coefficients will be in future tuned to describe the same behavior on gears. In conclusion, initial roughness and the geometry of the component were verified to be the key factors influencing the process outcomes. Based on this, it will be possible to optimize the process by tailoring requirements and work parameters to the specific treated component.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2025_07_Gorni_Executive_Summary.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Descrizione: executive summary
Dimensione
28.41 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
28.41 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
2025_07_Gorni_Tesi.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Descrizione: testo tesi
Dimensione
176.19 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
176.19 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/239965