The demand for high-speed electrical machines (HSEMs) has significantly increased thanks to its potential to provide higher power density while minimizing volume and weight. These machines are extensively utilized in the aerospace, automotive, medical, and energy industries, where compactness and efficiency are paramount. HSEMs, operating at speeds generally over 10,000 RPM, present distinct advantages while simultaneously posing complicated design issues due to higher thermal loads, mechanical stress, and electromagnetic losses. This thesis offers a comprehensive review of high-speed electric machines, namely highspeed induction machines, permanent magnet machines, switching reluctance machines, and synchronous homopolar machines. Each topology is analyzed regarding its structural characteristics, electromagnetic behaviour, and suitability for high-speed performance. Emphasis is placed on the trade-offs between mechanical strength and electromagnetic efficiency in various rotor topologies, including smooth solid, slitted, laminated, and squirrel cage designs. Additionally, the study explores practical applications that demonstrate the advantages of HSEMs across diverse sectors. A comprehensive multidisciplinary analysis is performed on design elements including copper and iron losses, rotor dynamics, bearing selection, thermal modeling, and cooling systems. The objective is to identify essential design characteristics and restrictions that influence machine performance and dependability at high speeds. This study closes with a collection of optimal techniques and guidelines for enhancing HSEM design amidst competing mechanical and electromagnetic demands.
La domanda di macchine elettriche ad alta velocità (HSEMs) è aumentata significativamente grazie al loro potenziale di fornire una maggiore densità di potenza riducendo contemporaneamente volume e peso. Queste macchine sono ampiamente utilizzate nei settori aerospaziale, automobilistico, medico ed energetico, dove la compattezza e l’efficienza sono fondamentali. Le HSEMs, operanti a velocità generalmente superiori ai 10.000 giri/min, offrono vantaggi distinti, ma pongono anche complesse sfide progettuali dovute all’aumento dei carichi termici, delle sollecitazioni meccaniche e delle perdite elettromagnetiche. Questa tesi propone una revisione approfondita delle macchine elettriche ad alta velocità, tra cui le macchine a induzione, a magneti permanenti, a riluttanza commutata e sincrone omopolari. Ogni topologia viene analizzata in termini di caratteristiche strutturali, comportamento elettromagnetico e idoneità al funzionamento ad alta velocità. Particolare attenzione è rivolta ai compromessi tra resistenza meccanica ed efficienza elettromagnetica nelle varie configurazioni di rotore, come quelle a rotore solido liscio, con cave assiali, lamellare e a gabbia di scoiattolo. Inoltre, lo studio esamina le applicazioni pratiche che evidenziano i vantaggi delle HSEMs nei diversi settori industriali. Viene condotta un’analisi multidisciplinare completa degli aspetti progettuali, tra cui le perdite nei conduttori e nel ferro, la dinamica del rotore, la selezione dei cuscinetti, la modellazione termica e i sistemi di raffreddamento. L’obiettivo è identificare le caratteristiche progettuali essenziali e le limitazioni che influenzano le prestazioni e l’affidabilità delle macchine ad alta velocità. Il lavoro si conclude con una raccolta di tecniche e linee guida ottimali per migliorare la progettazione delle HSEMs in presenza di esigenze contrastanti di natura meccanica ed elettromagnetica.
Types, applications, and design aspects of high-speed electrical machines
Moaz Abdalla Suliman Mohamed
2024/2025
Abstract
The demand for high-speed electrical machines (HSEMs) has significantly increased thanks to its potential to provide higher power density while minimizing volume and weight. These machines are extensively utilized in the aerospace, automotive, medical, and energy industries, where compactness and efficiency are paramount. HSEMs, operating at speeds generally over 10,000 RPM, present distinct advantages while simultaneously posing complicated design issues due to higher thermal loads, mechanical stress, and electromagnetic losses. This thesis offers a comprehensive review of high-speed electric machines, namely highspeed induction machines, permanent magnet machines, switching reluctance machines, and synchronous homopolar machines. Each topology is analyzed regarding its structural characteristics, electromagnetic behaviour, and suitability for high-speed performance. Emphasis is placed on the trade-offs between mechanical strength and electromagnetic efficiency in various rotor topologies, including smooth solid, slitted, laminated, and squirrel cage designs. Additionally, the study explores practical applications that demonstrate the advantages of HSEMs across diverse sectors. A comprehensive multidisciplinary analysis is performed on design elements including copper and iron losses, rotor dynamics, bearing selection, thermal modeling, and cooling systems. The objective is to identify essential design characteristics and restrictions that influence machine performance and dependability at high speeds. This study closes with a collection of optimal techniques and guidelines for enhancing HSEM design amidst competing mechanical and electromagnetic demands.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240022