The construction industry is a major contributor to global environmental degradation, with high levels of raw material consumption, waste generation, and CO₂ emissions. As a result, the transition toward circular economy principles in construction and demolition waste management has become increasingly urgent. This thesis explores the potential of Banks of Materials (BOMs) and Material Passports (MPs) as enabling tools to support circularity by enhancing material traceability, promoting reuse, and reducing waste across the building lifecycle. More specifically, this research investigates if these tools are applied in practice, what benefits they could generate, and what barriers hinder their implementation. To this end, a comparative approach was adopted, analysing the differences between Europe and North America, and structuring the study in two phases: (1) semi-structured interviews with sustainability experts from both regions, and (2) a comparative review of public sustainability strategies from eight leading construction companies. The findings reveal that MPs and BOMs can generate substantial benefits in operational efficiency, environmental performance, data integration, and organizational change. A key insight from the research is the enabling role of emerging technologies in automating material tracking and integrating MPs and BOMs into dynamic digital ecosystems. However, the study also reveals persistent challenges: the absence of binding legislation, a lack of standardization, and poor interoperability across platforms. Addressing these gaps requires policy intervention, technological investment, and industry-wide collaboration. By exploring the relationship between Material Passports, Banks of Materials, and circular economy strategies, this work contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainability in the construction sector, offering a comparative analysis of the adoption and effectiveness of MPs and BOMs in Europe and North America. Finally, it is hoped that this research may serve as a starting point for further investigations aimed at developing interoperable digital infrastructures and sector-specific databases, to enable the large-scale adoption of Material Passports and Banks of Materials.
Il settore delle costruzioni è uno dei principali responsabili del degrado ambientale globale a causa degli elevati livelli di consumo di materie prime, produzione di rifiuti ed emissioni di CO₂. Di conseguenza la transizione verso i principi dell’economia circolare nella gestione dei rifiuti da costruzione e demolizione è diventata sempre più urgente. Questa tesi esplora il potenziale delle Banche di Materiali (BOMs) e dei Passaporti dei Materiali (MPs) come strumenti abilitanti per supportare la circolarità, migliorando la tracciabilità dei materiali, promuovendone il riutilizzo e riducendo i rifiuti lungo l’intero ciclo di vita degli edifici. Più nel dettaglio, la presente ricerca indaga se gli strumenti suddetti vengano applicati nella pratica, quali benefici potrebbero generare e quali barriere ne ostacolino l’implementazione. A tal fine è stato adottato un approccio comparativo, analizzando le differenze tra Europa e Nord America ed articolando lo studio in due fasi: (1) interviste semi-strutturate con esperti di sostenibilità di entrambi i paesi considerati e (2) un’analisi comparativa delle strategie di sostenibilità di otto importanti imprese di costruzione. I risultati rivelano che MPs e BOMs possono generare benefici sostanziali in termini di efficienza operativa, performance ambientale, integrazione dei dati e trasformazione organizzativa. Un aspetto chiave, inoltre, emerso dalla ricerca, è il ruolo abilitante delle tecnologie emergenti nell’automazione del tracciamento dei materiali e nell’integrazione di MPs e BOMs all’interno di ecosistemi digitali dinamici. Tuttavia, dal presente studio emergono anche criticità persistenti, ossia: l’assenza di una legislazione vincolante, la mancanza di standardizzazione e la scarsa interoperabilità tra le piattaforme digitali. Affrontare questi divari richiede di conseguenza interventi normativi, investimenti tecnologici e una collaborazione settoriale. Il presente lavoro, pertanto, approfondendo la relazione fra i Passaporti dei Materiali, le Banche di Materiali e le strategie di economia circolare, contribuisce al dibattito in corso sulla sostenibilità nel settore delle costruzioni, fornendo una comparazione sull’adozione e l’efficacia di MPs e BOMs in Europa e in Nord America. Da ultimo, si auspica che lo studio effettuato rappresenti un punto di partenza per ulteriori ricerche finalizzate allo sviluppo di infrastrutture digitali interoperabili e database settoriali specifici, al fine di abilitare l’adozione su larga scala dei Passaporti dei Materiali e delle Banche di Materiali.
Banks of materials (BOMs) and material passports (MPs) in the construction sector: a comparative analysis on adoption between Europe and North America
BELLINO, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
The construction industry is a major contributor to global environmental degradation, with high levels of raw material consumption, waste generation, and CO₂ emissions. As a result, the transition toward circular economy principles in construction and demolition waste management has become increasingly urgent. This thesis explores the potential of Banks of Materials (BOMs) and Material Passports (MPs) as enabling tools to support circularity by enhancing material traceability, promoting reuse, and reducing waste across the building lifecycle. More specifically, this research investigates if these tools are applied in practice, what benefits they could generate, and what barriers hinder their implementation. To this end, a comparative approach was adopted, analysing the differences between Europe and North America, and structuring the study in two phases: (1) semi-structured interviews with sustainability experts from both regions, and (2) a comparative review of public sustainability strategies from eight leading construction companies. The findings reveal that MPs and BOMs can generate substantial benefits in operational efficiency, environmental performance, data integration, and organizational change. A key insight from the research is the enabling role of emerging technologies in automating material tracking and integrating MPs and BOMs into dynamic digital ecosystems. However, the study also reveals persistent challenges: the absence of binding legislation, a lack of standardization, and poor interoperability across platforms. Addressing these gaps requires policy intervention, technological investment, and industry-wide collaboration. By exploring the relationship between Material Passports, Banks of Materials, and circular economy strategies, this work contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainability in the construction sector, offering a comparative analysis of the adoption and effectiveness of MPs and BOMs in Europe and North America. Finally, it is hoped that this research may serve as a starting point for further investigations aimed at developing interoperable digital infrastructures and sector-specific databases, to enable the large-scale adoption of Material Passports and Banks of Materials.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240358