In early 2025, a major reform of INFONAVIT (Institute of the National Housing Fund for Workers) marked a turning point in Mexico’s housing policies, opening the way for a direct role of the Institute in the construction — and not only the financing — of social housing. This change repositioned INFONAVIT as a central actor in urban planning and housing production, introducing alternative models of access and tenure, such as rent-to-own formulas, with the goal of improving economic affordability and expanding the impact of public policies. However, this institutional transformation also raises a fundamental question: how and where should this new generation of social housing be built, in order to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past, defined by peripheral, disconnected, and low-density developments? This thesis takes the INFONAVIT reform as a point of departure to propose a spatial and multidimensional approach to the production of social housing in Mexico City. Through a comparative analysis of four contrasting boroughs — Azcapotzalco, Miguel Hidalgo, Benito Juárez and Iztapalapa — it examines the urban, socio-economic, and regulatory conditions that shape the city’s capacity to densify in a socially inclusive and spatially just manner. The research combines spatial analysis, policy review, and typological study to identify concrete opportunities and challenges for integrating social housing into the existing urban fabric. The study also draws from the analysis of three key public programs — INFONAVIT’s Urban Densification Program, SEDATU’s Urban Improvement Program, and the Mexico City Government’s PILARES initiative — to extract lessons about how housing policy can be linked with public space, social infrastructure, and community life. Based on this, hypothetical intervention scenarios are developed for each borough, illustrating how integrated urban strategies might be implemented on the ground. Ultimately, the thesis argues that the success of the reform will not depend solely on how many housing units are built, but on the kinds of neighborhoods they help to shape. Reconceptualizing housing as a collective good and a structuring element of the urban fabric is essential to advancing toward a more inclusive, compact, and equitable city. This research aims to provide tools and frameworks to guide the implementation of socially grounded housing policies that respond to the spatial, institutional, and social realities of contemporary Mexico City.
All’inizio del 2025, una riforma importante dell’INFONAVIT (Istituto Nazionale del Fondo Abitativo per i Lavoratori) ha segnato un punto di svolta nelle politiche abitative del Messico, aprendo a un ruolo diretto dell’Istituto: nella costruzione — e non solo nel finanziamento — di alloggi sociali. Questo cambiamento ha riposizionato l’INFONAVIT come attore centrale nella pianificazione urbana e nella produzione abitativa, introducendo modelli alternativi di accesso e tenenza, come formule di affitto con riscatto, con l’obiettivo di migliorare l’accessibilità economica e ampliare l’impatto delle politiche pubbliche.Tuttavia, questa trasformazione istituzionale solleva una questione fondamentale: come e dove dovrebbe essere costruita questa nuova generazione di edilizia sociale per evitare di ripetere gli errori del passato, segnati da insediamenti periferici, disconnessi e a bassa densità? Questa tesi prende la riforma dell’INFONAVIT come punto di partenza per proporre un approccio spaziale e multidimensionale alla produzione di alloggi sociali a Città del Messico. Attraverso un’analisi comparativa di quattro alcaldías contrastanti — Azcapotzalco , Miguel Hidalgo, Benito Juárez e Iztapalapa — lo studio esplora le condizioni urbane, socio-economiche e normative che definiscono la capacità della città di densificarsi in modo equo e inclusivo. La ricerca combina analisi spaziale, revisione delle politiche e studio tipologico per identificare opportunità e sfide concrete nell’integrazione dell’edilizia sociale nel tessuto urbano esistente. Lo studio include inoltre l’analisi di tre programmi pubblici chiave — il Programma di Redensificazione Urbana di INFONAVIT, il Programma di Miglioramento Urbano di SEDATU e l’iniziativa PILARES promossa dal governo di Città del Messico — per trarre lezioni su come le politiche abitative possano essere collegate allo spazio pubblico, all’infrastruttura sociale e alla vita collettiva. A partire da ciò, vengono sviluppati scenari ipotetici di intervento per ciascuna alcaldía, al fine di illustrare come strategie urbane integrate possano essere applicate in modo concreto. In conclusione, la tesi sostiene che il successo della riforma non dipenderà solo dal numero di unità abitative costruite, ma soprattutto dai tipi di quartieri che contribuiranno a generare. Ripensare l’abitazione come bene collettivo e come elemento strutturante della città è essenziale per avanzare verso una metropoli più compatta, inclusiva e giusta. La ricerca intende fornire strumenti e quadri di riferimento per guidare l’implementazione di politiche abitative radicate nella realtà spaziale, istituzionale e sociale della Città del Messico contemporanea.
Habitar la Ciudad: reclaiming housing as a social and spatial project in Mexico City
Ocampo Albarran, Ana Claudia
2024/2025
Abstract
In early 2025, a major reform of INFONAVIT (Institute of the National Housing Fund for Workers) marked a turning point in Mexico’s housing policies, opening the way for a direct role of the Institute in the construction — and not only the financing — of social housing. This change repositioned INFONAVIT as a central actor in urban planning and housing production, introducing alternative models of access and tenure, such as rent-to-own formulas, with the goal of improving economic affordability and expanding the impact of public policies. However, this institutional transformation also raises a fundamental question: how and where should this new generation of social housing be built, in order to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past, defined by peripheral, disconnected, and low-density developments? This thesis takes the INFONAVIT reform as a point of departure to propose a spatial and multidimensional approach to the production of social housing in Mexico City. Through a comparative analysis of four contrasting boroughs — Azcapotzalco, Miguel Hidalgo, Benito Juárez and Iztapalapa — it examines the urban, socio-economic, and regulatory conditions that shape the city’s capacity to densify in a socially inclusive and spatially just manner. The research combines spatial analysis, policy review, and typological study to identify concrete opportunities and challenges for integrating social housing into the existing urban fabric. The study also draws from the analysis of three key public programs — INFONAVIT’s Urban Densification Program, SEDATU’s Urban Improvement Program, and the Mexico City Government’s PILARES initiative — to extract lessons about how housing policy can be linked with public space, social infrastructure, and community life. Based on this, hypothetical intervention scenarios are developed for each borough, illustrating how integrated urban strategies might be implemented on the ground. Ultimately, the thesis argues that the success of the reform will not depend solely on how many housing units are built, but on the kinds of neighborhoods they help to shape. Reconceptualizing housing as a collective good and a structuring element of the urban fabric is essential to advancing toward a more inclusive, compact, and equitable city. This research aims to provide tools and frameworks to guide the implementation of socially grounded housing policies that respond to the spatial, institutional, and social realities of contemporary Mexico City.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240448