Cardiovascular assist devices require a validation through a certified process that simulates, as realistically as possible, the conditions under which they are intended to operate. The long validation processes involve high costs and a considerable employ of resources and thus, also following the 3R principle (Replace, Refine and Reduce), the use of hybrid test benches (Mock Circulatory Loops - MCLs) is interesting. Thanks to its numerical part, a “Mock Circulatory Loop” enables to model the cardiovascular system, including the respective regulatory mechanisms and resistances. On the other hand, by its mechanical part, it allows to mimic the interaction between a device and the anatomical structures to which it is intended to be connected, from a fluid-dynamic and pressure point of view. In the Laboratory of Mechanics of Biological Structures at the Politecnico di Milano, in the Artificial Organs Section, a hybrid test bench has been set up for the characterisation of Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs). This has two chambers, which, depending on the selected configuration, can simulate different anatomical scenarios. A first part of the project concerned the completion and optimisation of the test bench in configuration Left Ventricle - Aorta (LV to Ao), with the implementation of the Venturi pump and the recirculation pump and a consequent refinement of the PID (proportional, integrative and derivative) systems for the automatic control of the recirculation pump and pressure regulation, in order to make the waveforms generated by the acquisition of sensors as accurate as possible to the physiological ones. Along the same lines, similar modifications were made to the Mock Circulatory Loop in Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Artery (RV to Pa) configuration, followed by a numerical validation phase. \\The main part of the project was focused on connecting two ventricular assist devices, with different operating characteristics, to the MCL: Thoratec’s Heartmate II and Levitronix’s Centrimag. The aim of this experimental phase is to observe the behaviour of these devices at different levels of support in order to evaluate which model of VAD may be the most suitable for each patient, based on his or her pathological condition.
I dispositivi di assistenza cardiovascolare prevedono una validazione tramite un iter di certificazione che simuli nel modo più realistico possibile le condizioni in cui essi sono destinati ad operare. Questi lunghi processi di validazione comportano costi elevati e un considerevole impiego di risorse, quindi seguendo anche il principio delle 3R (Replace, Refine and Reduce), risulta interessante l'utilizzo dei banchi prova ibridi (Mock circolatory loops). Un “Mock Circulatory Loop” (MCL), grazie alla sua parte numerica, consente di modellizzare l’apparato cardiocircolatorio, comprendendo anche i rispettivi meccanismi di regolazione e resistenze, mentre con la sua parte meccanica permette di mimare l’interazione tra il dispositivo e le strutture anatomiche a cui è destinato ad essere connesso, dal punto di vista fluidodinamico e pressorio. Presso il LabS, il Laboratorio di Meccanica delle Strutture Biologiche del Politecnico di Milano, nella sezione Artificial Organs, è presente un banco prova ibrido predisposto per la caratterizzazione di dispositivi di assistenza ventricolare (VADs). Questo presenta due camere, che a seconda della configurazione scelta, possono rappresentare vari scenari anatomici. Una prima parte del progetto ha riguardato il completamento e ottimizzazzione del banco prova in configurazione Ventricolo Sinistro-Aorta (LV to Ao), con l'implementazione della pompa Venturi e della pompa di ricircolo e un conseguente raffinamento dei sistemi PID per il controllo automatico della pompa di ricircolo e regolazione della pressione, per rendere le forme d’onda prodotte dall’acquisizione dei sensori, più fedeli possibili a quelle fisiologiche. Seguendo la stessa linea sono state apportate modifiche analoghe per la configurazione Ventricolo Destro - Arteria Polmonare (RV to Pa), a cui è seguita una fase di validazione numerica. \\La parte principale del progetto si è focalizzata sul collegamento al circuito di due dispositivi per l'assistenza ventricolare con differenti caratteristiche di funzionamento: Thoratec’s Heartmate II e Levitronix’s Centrimag. L’obiettivo di questa fase di sperimentazione è l’osservazione del comportamento di questi dispositivi a diversi livelli di assistenza, per valutare quale modello di VAD possa essere più adatto ad un paziente, in base alla sua condizione patologica.
The need for a hybrid test bench: from VAD assessment to patient device selection
ROSSINI, ALESSANDRO;Arienti, Arianna
2024/2025
Abstract
Cardiovascular assist devices require a validation through a certified process that simulates, as realistically as possible, the conditions under which they are intended to operate. The long validation processes involve high costs and a considerable employ of resources and thus, also following the 3R principle (Replace, Refine and Reduce), the use of hybrid test benches (Mock Circulatory Loops - MCLs) is interesting. Thanks to its numerical part, a “Mock Circulatory Loop” enables to model the cardiovascular system, including the respective regulatory mechanisms and resistances. On the other hand, by its mechanical part, it allows to mimic the interaction between a device and the anatomical structures to which it is intended to be connected, from a fluid-dynamic and pressure point of view. In the Laboratory of Mechanics of Biological Structures at the Politecnico di Milano, in the Artificial Organs Section, a hybrid test bench has been set up for the characterisation of Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs). This has two chambers, which, depending on the selected configuration, can simulate different anatomical scenarios. A first part of the project concerned the completion and optimisation of the test bench in configuration Left Ventricle - Aorta (LV to Ao), with the implementation of the Venturi pump and the recirculation pump and a consequent refinement of the PID (proportional, integrative and derivative) systems for the automatic control of the recirculation pump and pressure regulation, in order to make the waveforms generated by the acquisition of sensors as accurate as possible to the physiological ones. Along the same lines, similar modifications were made to the Mock Circulatory Loop in Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Artery (RV to Pa) configuration, followed by a numerical validation phase. \\The main part of the project was focused on connecting two ventricular assist devices, with different operating characteristics, to the MCL: Thoratec’s Heartmate II and Levitronix’s Centrimag. The aim of this experimental phase is to observe the behaviour of these devices at different levels of support in order to evaluate which model of VAD may be the most suitable for each patient, based on his or her pathological condition.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_07_Arienti_Rossini_Tesi_01.pdf
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2025_07_Arienti_Rossini_Executive_Summary_02.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240483