This thesis presents a comprehensive literature review and analysis of the current state of the art in the application of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) to the waste management sector. LCSA, which integrates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), offers a holistic framework for evaluating the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of waste management systems. By reviewing 20 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2010 and 2025, this study identifies trends in publication activity, geographical distribution, methodological approaches, and waste treatment technologies assessed. The findings highlight a growing research focus on recycling, incineration, and waste-to-energy technologies, with increased adoption of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and aggregation techniques to support scenario evaluation. Tools such as SimaPro and GaBi, along with databases like Ecoinvent and PSILCA, were commonly employed. However, the analysis also reveals significant limitations, including inconsistent use of social impact data, varied system boundaries, and limited harmonization with ISO standards. Results show that Europe leads in LCSA application, but contributions from developing countries are emerging. Through detailed bibliometric analysis and content synthesis, this thesis provides insight into the methodological evolution of LCSA and offers recommendations for improving its standardization and applicability in future waste policy and infrastructure planning. The study concludes that LCSA holds significant promise as a decision-making tool, but requires further methodological development, especially in the social dimension, to fully support sustainable waste management transitions.
Questa tesi presenta una revisione della letteratura e un'analisi approfondita dello stato dell'arte attuale nell'applicazione della Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) al settore della gestione dei rifiuti. La LCSA, che integra la Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), la Life Cycle Costing (LCC) e la Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), offre un quadro olistico per valutare le dimensioni ambientali, economiche e sociali dei sistemi di gestione dei rifiuti. Attraverso la revisione di 20 articoli scientifici peer-reviewed pubblicati tra il 2010 e il 2025, questo studio identifica le tendenze nell'attività di pubblicazione, la distribuzione geografica, gli approcci metodologici e le tecnologie di trattamento dei rifiuti analizzate. I risultati evidenziano un crescente interesse della ricerca per il riciclaggio, l'incenerimento e le tecnologie waste-to-energy, con un aumento nell'adozione di tecniche di analisi multicriterio (MCDA) e metodi di aggregazione per supportare la valutazione degli scenari. Strumenti come SimaPro e GaBi, insieme a database come Ecoinvent e PSILCA, sono stati comunemente impiegati. Tuttavia, l’analisi rivela anche importanti limitazioni, tra cui l’uso incoerente dei dati sugli impatti sociali, la variabilità nei confini di sistema e una scarsa armonizzazione con gli standard ISO. I risultati mostrano che l’Europa è leader nell’applicazione della LCSA, ma stanno emergendo contributi anche dai paesi in via di sviluppo. Attraverso un’analisi bibliometrica dettagliata e una sintesi dei contenuti, questa tesi fornisce una panoramica sull’evoluzione metodologica della LCSA e propone raccomandazioni per migliorarne la standardizzazione e l’applicabilità nella pianificazione futura delle politiche e delle infrastrutture dei rifiuti. Lo studio conclude che la LCSA rappresenta uno strumento decisionale promettente, ma richiede ulteriori sviluppi metodologici, soprattutto nella dimensione sociale, per supportare pienamente le transizioni verso una gestione sostenibile dei rifiuti.
The state of art in the application of life cycle sustainability assessment to the waste management sector
Ajayan, Anila
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis presents a comprehensive literature review and analysis of the current state of the art in the application of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) to the waste management sector. LCSA, which integrates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), offers a holistic framework for evaluating the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of waste management systems. By reviewing 20 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2010 and 2025, this study identifies trends in publication activity, geographical distribution, methodological approaches, and waste treatment technologies assessed. The findings highlight a growing research focus on recycling, incineration, and waste-to-energy technologies, with increased adoption of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and aggregation techniques to support scenario evaluation. Tools such as SimaPro and GaBi, along with databases like Ecoinvent and PSILCA, were commonly employed. However, the analysis also reveals significant limitations, including inconsistent use of social impact data, varied system boundaries, and limited harmonization with ISO standards. Results show that Europe leads in LCSA application, but contributions from developing countries are emerging. Through detailed bibliometric analysis and content synthesis, this thesis provides insight into the methodological evolution of LCSA and offers recommendations for improving its standardization and applicability in future waste policy and infrastructure planning. The study concludes that LCSA holds significant promise as a decision-making tool, but requires further methodological development, especially in the social dimension, to fully support sustainable waste management transitions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240523