Large-scale projects are known for exceeding their budgets and schedules, and space programs are no exception, a pattern rooted in extreme technical uncertainty, cross- organizational coordination and intense public scrutiny. Despite increasing recognition that governance architecture is a critical determinant of megaprojectperformance,mostacademicandinstitutionalmodelsremainlimited. Whether the governance structures guiding such ventures mitigate or magnify these overruns is the question this thesis tackles. To that end, it advances a dual-level, data-driven frame- work that pairs a strategic instrument for selecting the governance architecture that best minimizes cost overruns given a project’s attributes, and an operational protocol that translates those attributes into live risk-triggers for continuous oversight. NASA’s Artemis program, marked by substantial schedule delays and budget overruns, offers an ideal empirical testbed. A detailed program mapping uncovers two distinct governanceregimes: OrionunderaDualPrimearrangementandtheSpaceLaunchSystem under the Star Model. Leveraging public reports and audits, the study reconstructs, for each regime, technology readiness, scope clarity, expertise demands and cost trajectories, and links them through Bayesian regression. The methodology enables continuous tracking of key project indicators to trigger timely governance adjustments. It renovates NASA’s current static oversight structures with an adaptive system grounded in data and responsive to real-time project evolution. Findings show that in the Dual Prime context, cost growth is locked in by baseline tech- nology maturity and risk, whereas in the Star Model it is the time-varying evolution of those variables that dictates outcomes. These dynamics are captured in a 3D governance- preference map showing how shifting attributes influence regime suitability. Bycombiningreal-timemonitoringwithevidence-basedgovernance, theframeworkboosts transparency, speeds up response, and reinforces accountability, helping limit cost over- runs. It serves as a practical tool for agencies seeking better project performance.
I progetti di grande scala sono storicamente soggetti a ritardi e sforamenti di budget, e i programmispazialinonfannoeccezione, complicel’elevataincertezzatecnica, ilcomplesso coordinamento tra attori e il continuo scrutinio pubblico. Sebbene la governance di progetto sia sempre più riconosciuta come fattore chiave per il successo dei megaprogetti, i modelli accademici e istituzionali restano limitati. Questa tesi si interroga sul ruolo delle strutture di governance che li guidano nel contenere o amplificare tali scostamenti. A tal fine, propone un modello a due livelli: uno strumento strategico per selezionare l’architettura di governance più adatta in base alle caratteris- tiche di progetto, e un protocollo operativo che traduce tali caratteristiche in indicatori di rischio aggiornati in tempo reale, utili per una supervisione costante. Il programma Artemis di NASA, segnato da forti ritardi e sforamenti, costituisce il banco di prova. La mappatura del programma rivela due regimi distinti: Orion gestito con un assetto Dual Prime e lo SLS gestito con lo Star Model. Attraverso fonti pubbliche, lo studio ricostruisce per ciascun regime la maturità tecnologica, la chiarezza degli obiet- tivi, le competenze richieste e l’andamento dei costi, collegando queste variabili con una regressione bayesiana. La metodologia consente di monitorare gli indicatori critici, rilevare deviazioni e attivare correzioni di governance, sostituendo la supervisione statica usata da NASA con un sis- tema adattivo basato sui dati. I risultati mostrano che, nel Dual Prime, la crescita dei costi dipende dalla maturità tecnologica iniziale e dal rischio associato, mentre nello Star Model incidono maggiormente i cambiamenti nel tempo di queste variabili. Queste di- namiche sono sintetizzate in una mappa 3D, che mostra come le variazioni progettuali influenzino la preferenza di governance. Affiancandoilmonitoraggiointemporealeaunagovernancebasatasuevidenze, ilmodello rafforza trasparenza, reattività e accountability nel portafoglio di missioni, riducendo così gli sforamenti di costo. Si propone come uno strumento pratico per le agenzie che mirano a migliorare le performance progettuali.
Optimal project governance configuration in space programs: a Bayesian approach
Airoldi, Camilla
2024/2025
Abstract
Large-scale projects are known for exceeding their budgets and schedules, and space programs are no exception, a pattern rooted in extreme technical uncertainty, cross- organizational coordination and intense public scrutiny. Despite increasing recognition that governance architecture is a critical determinant of megaprojectperformance,mostacademicandinstitutionalmodelsremainlimited. Whether the governance structures guiding such ventures mitigate or magnify these overruns is the question this thesis tackles. To that end, it advances a dual-level, data-driven frame- work that pairs a strategic instrument for selecting the governance architecture that best minimizes cost overruns given a project’s attributes, and an operational protocol that translates those attributes into live risk-triggers for continuous oversight. NASA’s Artemis program, marked by substantial schedule delays and budget overruns, offers an ideal empirical testbed. A detailed program mapping uncovers two distinct governanceregimes: OrionunderaDualPrimearrangementandtheSpaceLaunchSystem under the Star Model. Leveraging public reports and audits, the study reconstructs, for each regime, technology readiness, scope clarity, expertise demands and cost trajectories, and links them through Bayesian regression. The methodology enables continuous tracking of key project indicators to trigger timely governance adjustments. It renovates NASA’s current static oversight structures with an adaptive system grounded in data and responsive to real-time project evolution. Findings show that in the Dual Prime context, cost growth is locked in by baseline tech- nology maturity and risk, whereas in the Star Model it is the time-varying evolution of those variables that dictates outcomes. These dynamics are captured in a 3D governance- preference map showing how shifting attributes influence regime suitability. Bycombiningreal-timemonitoringwithevidence-basedgovernance, theframeworkboosts transparency, speeds up response, and reinforces accountability, helping limit cost over- runs. It serves as a practical tool for agencies seeking better project performance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_07_Airoldi_Executive_Summary_02.pdf
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2025_07_Airoldi_Tesi_01.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240572