In recent decades, typography, mostly defined by clarity and transparency, has increasingly embraced distortion, ambiguity, and visual resistance. This thesis investigates the phenomenon of illegibility in contemporary graphic design—not as a failure, but a deliberate and nuanced strategy. The thesis is guided by three core questions that frame a qualitative exploration of the topic: Why do designers purposefully use illegible type, contradicting the foundational idea that typography should facilitate clear and direct communication? What is the relationship between aesthetics and meaning in the context of illegible typography? And in what ways does illegibility influence contemporary design practices, aesthetics, and audience expectations? The research is a mixed-method approach combining literature review, visual analysis, and practice-based exploration. It references theories like structuralist semiotics (Saussure), media theory (McLuhan), deconstruction (Derrida), and the concept of the open work (Eco), as well as contemporary discussions around asemic writing and experimental design. To connect theory with practice, the thesis also examines a series of case studies—ranging from avant-garde design manifestos and postmodern print works to the latest experimental typefaces. These examples illustrate how illegibility manifests across different eras, media, and design philosophies. Alongside the analytical part, this thesis includes a project titled Friction—an experimental process that generates new letterforms through object-guided, gestural drawing rather than conventional digital or calligraphic techniques. The result is a set of glyph variants that operates not as a polished font but as a modular system. It functions as an applied investigation into the thesis’s research questions about aesthetic ambiguity and materiality of language. Based on theoretical and practical research this thesis argues that illegibility is not a breakdown of communication, but a reconfiguration that expands the expressive potential of typography and reimagines how meaning is made, felt, and interpreted.
Negli ultimi decenni, la tipografia, tradizionalmente definita dalla chiarezza e dalla trasparenza, ha progressivamente abbracciato la distorsione, l’ambiguità e la resistenza visiva. Questa tesi indaga il fenomeno dell’illeggibilità nel graphic design contemporaneo—non come un fallimento, ma come una strategia deliberata e sfumata. La ricerca è guidata da tre domande centrali che strutturano un’esplorazione qualitativa del tema: perché i designer scelgono consapevolmente di utilizzare caratteri illeggibili, contraddicendo l’idea fondamentale che la tipografia debba facilitare una comunicazione chiara e diretta? Qual è la relazione tra estetica e significato nel contesto della tipografia illeggibile? E in che modo l’illeggibilità influenza le pratiche progettuali contemporanee, l’estetica e le aspettative del pubblico? La metodologia adottata è di tipo misto e combina revisione della letteratura, analisi visiva e ricerca basata sulla pratica. Il lavoro fa riferimento a teorie come la semiotica strutturalista (Saussure), la teoria dei media (McLuhan), la decostruzione (Derrida) e il concetto di opera aperta (Eco), oltre a discussioni contemporanee sulla scrittura asemica e il design sperimentale. Per collegare la teoria alla pratica, la tesi analizza inoltre una serie di casi studio—che spaziano dai manifesti d’avanguardia e le opere a stampa postmoderne fino ai più recenti caratteri tipografici sperimentali. Questi esempi illustrano come l’illeggibilità si manifesti in diverse epoche, media e filosofie del progetto. Accanto all’analisi teorica, la tesi include un progetto intitolato Friction—un processo sperimentale che genera nuove forme di lettere attraverso il disegno gestuale guidato da oggetti, piuttosto che tramite tecniche digitali o calligrafiche convenzionali. Il risultato è un insieme di varianti glifiche che non costituisce un font finito, ma un sistema modulare. Il progetto rappresenta un’indagine applicata sulle questioni centrali della tesi, in particolare sull’ambiguità estetica e la materialità del linguaggio. Basandosi su ricerche teoriche e pratiche, la tesi sostiene che l’illeggibilità non sia una rottura della comunicazione, bensì una sua riconfigurazione—una strategia che espande il potenziale espressivo della tipografia e ripensa il modo in cui il significato viene generato, percepito e interpretato.
Ambiguous type and not quite reading: an investigation into illegible typography
Maciukiewicz, Helena Anna
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent decades, typography, mostly defined by clarity and transparency, has increasingly embraced distortion, ambiguity, and visual resistance. This thesis investigates the phenomenon of illegibility in contemporary graphic design—not as a failure, but a deliberate and nuanced strategy. The thesis is guided by three core questions that frame a qualitative exploration of the topic: Why do designers purposefully use illegible type, contradicting the foundational idea that typography should facilitate clear and direct communication? What is the relationship between aesthetics and meaning in the context of illegible typography? And in what ways does illegibility influence contemporary design practices, aesthetics, and audience expectations? The research is a mixed-method approach combining literature review, visual analysis, and practice-based exploration. It references theories like structuralist semiotics (Saussure), media theory (McLuhan), deconstruction (Derrida), and the concept of the open work (Eco), as well as contemporary discussions around asemic writing and experimental design. To connect theory with practice, the thesis also examines a series of case studies—ranging from avant-garde design manifestos and postmodern print works to the latest experimental typefaces. These examples illustrate how illegibility manifests across different eras, media, and design philosophies. Alongside the analytical part, this thesis includes a project titled Friction—an experimental process that generates new letterforms through object-guided, gestural drawing rather than conventional digital or calligraphic techniques. The result is a set of glyph variants that operates not as a polished font but as a modular system. It functions as an applied investigation into the thesis’s research questions about aesthetic ambiguity and materiality of language. Based on theoretical and practical research this thesis argues that illegibility is not a breakdown of communication, but a reconfiguration that expands the expressive potential of typography and reimagines how meaning is made, felt, and interpreted.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240665