The thesis offers a critical analysis of ethnographic museums, conceived as spaces where complex exhibition, historical, and ideological dynamics intersect. These institutions are still deeply influenced by a colonial legacy that has shaped their criteria for collection, display, and interpretation, often perpetuating hegemonic visions and stereotypes about cultural otherness. The research begins with a historical and anthropological examination aimed at understanding how past museographic trends continue to influence the setup of contemporary ethnographic museums. The aim of this work is to question the possibility of decolonizing such spaces by reimagining them as participatory environments capable of embracing plural subjectivities. Through a design approach grounded in communication design and supported by theoretical tools from cultural anthropology, the thesis proposes a new vision of the museum. The intention is to move beyond the museum as a mere container of passive objects, and instead construct a relational and dynamic environment in which objects, people, and exhibition design collectively contribute to the construction of meaning. In this context, the concept of museum agency is explored, understood as the capacity of objects to activate relationships and narratives in dialogue with visitors. The individual is no longer a passive spectator but an active participant in a field of forces made up of memories, experiences, and values. Conceived in this way, the museum becomes an intercultural laboratory where the plurality of worldviews, what Arturo Escobar calls the pluriverse, takes shape through exhibition design and visitor experience. The thesis concludes with the presentation of a pilot project that aims to translate these principles into practice, proposing a methodological model to support museum design. This intervention seeks to offer concrete tools for defining new exhibition criteria focused on dialogue, historical awareness, and the valorization of otherness. It is a methodological approach that intertwines anthropology and communication design, aimed at stimulating active visitor participation and rethinking the ethnographic museum as a critical and transformative space. In this way, the ethnographic museum, traditionally a static and conservative space, is reimagined as a political, open, and transformative environment capable of actively contributing to the creation of conscious spaces. Indeed, stimulating imagination paves the way for plural worldviews. It is from this plurality that real alternatives can emerge, capable of transforming the museum into a living space.
L’elaborato di tesi propone un’analisi critica della realtà dei musei etnografici, concepiti come luoghi in cui si intrecciano dinamiche espositive, storiche e ideologiche complesse. Questi spazi, infatti, risultano ancora oggi fortemente influenzati da un’eredità coloniale che ne ha modellato i criteri di raccolta, esposizione e interpretazione, tramandando spesso visioni egemoniche e stereotipi sull’alterità culturale. La ricerca prende avvio da un approfondimento storico e antropologico, finalizzato a comprendere come le tendenze museografiche del passato continuino a condizionare l’allestimento dei musei etnografici contemporanei. L’obiettivo del lavoro è interrogarsi sulla possibilità di decolonizzare tali spazi, ripensandoli come luoghi partecipativi, capaci di accogliere soggettività plurali. Attraverso un approccio progettuale basato sul design della comunicazione e supportato da strumenti teorici dell’antropologia culturale, si propone una nuova visione del museo; l’intenzione è quella di superare il museo come semplice contenitore di oggetti passivi, ma costruire un ambiente relazionale e dinamico in cui oggetti, persone e allestimento partecipano insieme alla costruzione del significato. In questo contesto, viene esplorato il concetto di agency museale, inteso come la capacità degli oggetti di attivare relazioni e narrazioni in dialogo con i visitatori. L’individuo non è più spettatore passivo, ma parte attiva in un campo di forze fatto di memorie, esperienze e valori. Il museo, così concepito, diventa un laboratorio interculturale, in cui la pluralità delle visioni del mondo, ciò che Arturo Escobar definisce pluriverso, prende forma attraverso il progetto espositivo e l’esperienza di fruizione. La tesi si chiude con la presentazione di un progetto pilota che mira a tradurre questi principi in prassi, proponendo un modello metodologico a supporto della progettazione museale. L’intervento elaborato ha come finalità quella di offrire strumenti concreti per la definizione di nuovi criteri di allestimento, orientati al dialogo, alla consapevolezza storica e alla valorizzazione delle alterità. Si tratta di un approccio metodologico che intreccia antropologia e design della comunicazione, volto a stimolare la partecipazione attiva del visitatore e a ripensare il museo etnografico come luogo critico, e trasformativo. Così il museo etnografico, da spazio statico e conservativo, si vuole così trasformare in un luogo politico, aperto e trasformativo, capace di contribuire attivamente alla costruzione di luoghi consapevoli. Infatti, stimolare l’immaginazione apre la strada a visioni plurali del mondo. È da questa pluralità che possono emergere alternative reali, capaci di trasformare il museo in un luogo vivo.
Fare mondi : musei etnografici e pluriversi possibili. Il design della comunicazione come pratica per immaginare opportunità alternative
Gagliano, Letizia
2024/2025
Abstract
The thesis offers a critical analysis of ethnographic museums, conceived as spaces where complex exhibition, historical, and ideological dynamics intersect. These institutions are still deeply influenced by a colonial legacy that has shaped their criteria for collection, display, and interpretation, often perpetuating hegemonic visions and stereotypes about cultural otherness. The research begins with a historical and anthropological examination aimed at understanding how past museographic trends continue to influence the setup of contemporary ethnographic museums. The aim of this work is to question the possibility of decolonizing such spaces by reimagining them as participatory environments capable of embracing plural subjectivities. Through a design approach grounded in communication design and supported by theoretical tools from cultural anthropology, the thesis proposes a new vision of the museum. The intention is to move beyond the museum as a mere container of passive objects, and instead construct a relational and dynamic environment in which objects, people, and exhibition design collectively contribute to the construction of meaning. In this context, the concept of museum agency is explored, understood as the capacity of objects to activate relationships and narratives in dialogue with visitors. The individual is no longer a passive spectator but an active participant in a field of forces made up of memories, experiences, and values. Conceived in this way, the museum becomes an intercultural laboratory where the plurality of worldviews, what Arturo Escobar calls the pluriverse, takes shape through exhibition design and visitor experience. The thesis concludes with the presentation of a pilot project that aims to translate these principles into practice, proposing a methodological model to support museum design. This intervention seeks to offer concrete tools for defining new exhibition criteria focused on dialogue, historical awareness, and the valorization of otherness. It is a methodological approach that intertwines anthropology and communication design, aimed at stimulating active visitor participation and rethinking the ethnographic museum as a critical and transformative space. In this way, the ethnographic museum, traditionally a static and conservative space, is reimagined as a political, open, and transformative environment capable of actively contributing to the creation of conscious spaces. Indeed, stimulating imagination paves the way for plural worldviews. It is from this plurality that real alternatives can emerge, capable of transforming the museum into a living space.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240764